Triazole analogues as potential pharmacological agents: a brief review

Abstract

Background: A large number of studies have recently reported that, because of their significant biological and pharmacological properties, heterocyclic compounds and their derivatives have attracted a strong interest in medicinal chemistry. The triazole nucleus is one of the most important heterocycles which has a feature of natural products as well as medicinal agents. Heterocyclic nitrogen is abundantly present in most medicinal compounds. The derivatization of triazole ring is based on the phenomenon of bio-isosteres in which substituted the oxygen atom of oxadiazole nucleus with nitrogen triazole analogue.

Main text: This review focuses on recent synthetic procedure of triazole moiety, which comprises of various pharmacological activities such as antimicrobial, anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antitubercular, anthelmintic, antioxidant, antimalarial, antiviral, etc..

Conclusion: This review highlights the current status of triazole compounds as different multi-target pharmacological activities. From the literature survey, triazole is the most widely used compound in different potential activities.

Keywords: Analgesic; Anthelmintic; Anti-inflammatory; Antimicrobial; Triazole.

Fig. 1

Different isomeric forms of triazole

Fig. 2

Significant biological activities of triazole derivatives

Scheme 1

Synthesis of 4-acyl-NH-1,2,3-triazole

Scheme 2

Synthesis with substitution of 1,2,4 triazole from hydrazine and formamide

Scheme 3

Synthesis of 3,4,5-Trisubstituted 1,2,4-triazole from 2 amides and hydrazides

Scheme 4

Synthesis of a substituted triazole by one pot cyanoimidation of aldehydes

Scheme 5

1,4 Disubstituted 1,2,3 triazoles from azides

Scheme 6

Novel substituted 3,5-diamine-1,2,4-triazole

Scheme 7

Metal-free synthesis of 1,3,5-trisubstituted-1,2,4-triazoles in the presence of iodine as catalyst