The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Congenital Cardiac Surgery Working Group 2021 consensus document on a comprehensive perioperative approach to enhanced recovery after pediatric cardiac surgery

Affiliations

• ¹ Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa.
• ² Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, and Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Heart Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif. Electronic address: RamKumar.Subramanyan@med.usc.edu.
• ³ Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
• ⁴ Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Ga.
• ⁵ Departments of Cardiac Surgery and Pediatrics, University of Michigan, CS Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, Mich.
• ⁶ Department of Cardiovascular Services, Nemours Children's Hospital, and Department of Surgery, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, Fla.
• ⁷ Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital and Medical Center of Omaha, Omaha, Neb.
• ⁸ Division of Congenital Heart Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex.
• ⁹ Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
• ¹⁰ Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Schulich Heart Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
• ¹¹ Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Penn.
• ¹² Division of Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Penn.