Cytokine levels and pathological characteristics of a patient with severe coronavirus disease 2019: a case report

doi:10.1097/CM9.0000000000001540

Case Reports

. 2022 Jan 5;135(1):101-103.

doi: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000001540.

Cytokine levels and pathological characteristics of a patient with severe coronavirus disease 2019: a case report

Kai Kang¹, Yang Gao^{1

2}, Mingyan Zhao^{1

3

4}, Dongsheng Fei¹, Ming Ye⁵, Yan Gao⁶, Wei Yang¹, Changsong Wang⁷, Haitao Liu⁷, Guangping Chang¹, Xianxin Kang¹, Yunpeng Luo¹, Xue Du¹, Jiping Qi⁸, Lin Tian⁸, Min Zhou⁸, Chunfang Hao⁹, Kaijiang Yu^{1

2

3

4}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China.
² Institute of Critical Care Medicine, The Sino Russian Medical Research Center of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China.
³ Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China.
⁴ The Cell Transplantation Key Laboratory of National Health Commission, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China.
⁵ Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China.
⁶ Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China.
⁷ Department of Critical Care Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China.
⁸ Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China.
⁹ Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shuang Kuang Hospital, Shuang Ya-shan, Heilongjiang 155100, China.

PMID: 34074849
PMCID: PMC8850824
DOI: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000001540

Free PMC article

Case Reports

Cytokine levels and pathological characteristics of a patient with severe coronavirus disease 2019: a case report

Kai Kang et al. Chin Med J (Engl). 2022.

Free PMC article

. 2022 Jan 5;135(1):101-103.

doi: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000001540.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China.
² Institute of Critical Care Medicine, The Sino Russian Medical Research Center of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China.
³ Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China.
⁴ The Cell Transplantation Key Laboratory of National Health Commission, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China.
⁵ Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China.
⁶ Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China.
⁷ Department of Critical Care Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China.
⁸ Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China.
⁹ Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shuang Kuang Hospital, Shuang Ya-shan, Heilongjiang 155100, China.

PMID: 34074849
PMCID: PMC8850824
DOI: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000001540

No abstract available

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

None.

Figures

**Figure 1**
(A) The alveolar structure was destroyed in different degrees, necrosis and exudation were seen in the alveolar cavity (Hematoxylin-eosin [HE] staining, Original magnification ×4). (B) Monocytes, macrophages, individual multinucleated giant cells, and atypical enlarged alveolar cells appear in the alveoli, among which the atypical enlarged alveolar cells have large nuclei, obvious nucleoli, and eosinophilic changes around nucleoli, showing viral cytopathic like changes (HE staining, Original magnification ×20). (C) Alveolar septum thickening, inflammatory cell infiltration, vascular proliferation, dilation, hyperemia, some vascular wall thickening, some vascular lumen occlusion (HE staining, Original magnification ×20). (D) Pulmonary interstitial and perivascular fibrosis in some areas (Masson staining, Original magnification ×20). (E) Immunohistochemical staining showed that the expression of 2019-nCoV nucleoprotein was positive in some alveolar epithelial cells (Original magnification ×20). (F) The increased expression of TTF-1 indicates the proliferation of alveolar epithelial cells (Original magnification ×20). (G) More positive macrophages infiltrated in alveolar septum and alveolar cavity (Original magnification ×20). (H) A small number of CD8⁺ T cells were found in the alveolar septum and pulmonary interstitium (Original magnification ×20). (I) Spot CD4⁺ T cells were found in the alveolar septum and pulmonary interstitium (Original magnification ×20). (J) CD20⁺ B cells were not found in alveolar septum and pulmonary interstitium (Original magnification ×20). 2019-nCoV: 2019-Novel coronavirus; TTF-1: Thyroid transcription factor-1.

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References

1. National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China home page. Available from: http://www.nhc.gov.cn. [Accessed March 04, 2020]
1. Chan JF, Yuan S, Kok KH, To KK, Chu H, Yang J, et al. . A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-toperson transmission: a study of a family cluster. Lancet 2020; 395:514–523. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30154-9. - PMC - PubMed
1. Channappanavar R, Perlman S. Pathogenic human coronavirus infections: causes and consequences of cytokine storm and immunopathology. Semin Immunopathol 2017; 39:529–539. doi: 10.1007/s00281-017-0629-x. - PMC - PubMed
1. Wang CF, Xie J, Zhao L, Fei XC, Zhang H, Tan Y, et al. . Alveolar macrophage dysfunction and cytokine storm in the pathogenesis of two severe COVID-19 patients. EBioMedicine 2020; 57:102833.doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102833. - PMC - PubMed
1. Pedersen SF, Ho YC. SARS-CoV-2: a storm is raging. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:2202–2205. doi: 10.1172/JCI137647. - PMC - PubMed

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[1] National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China home page. Available from: http://www.nhc.gov.cn. [Accessed March 04, 2020]

[2] National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China home page. Available from: http://www.nhc.gov.cn. [Accessed March 04, 2020]

[3] Chan JF, Yuan S, Kok KH, To KK, Chu H, Yang J, et al. . A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-toperson transmission: a study of a family cluster. Lancet 2020; 395:514–523. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30154-9. - PMC - PubMed

[4] Chan JF, Yuan S, Kok KH, To KK, Chu H, Yang J, et al. . A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-toperson transmission: a study of a family cluster. Lancet 2020; 395:514–523. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30154-9. - PMC - PubMed

[5] Channappanavar R, Perlman S. Pathogenic human coronavirus infections: causes and consequences of cytokine storm and immunopathology. Semin Immunopathol 2017; 39:529–539. doi: 10.1007/s00281-017-0629-x. - PMC - PubMed

[6] Channappanavar R, Perlman S. Pathogenic human coronavirus infections: causes and consequences of cytokine storm and immunopathology. Semin Immunopathol 2017; 39:529–539. doi: 10.1007/s00281-017-0629-x. - PMC - PubMed

[7] Wang CF, Xie J, Zhao L, Fei XC, Zhang H, Tan Y, et al. . Alveolar macrophage dysfunction and cytokine storm in the pathogenesis of two severe COVID-19 patients. EBioMedicine 2020; 57:102833.doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102833. - PMC - PubMed

[8] Wang CF, Xie J, Zhao L, Fei XC, Zhang H, Tan Y, et al. . Alveolar macrophage dysfunction and cytokine storm in the pathogenesis of two severe COVID-19 patients. EBioMedicine 2020; 57:102833.doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102833. - PMC - PubMed

[9] Pedersen SF, Ho YC. SARS-CoV-2: a storm is raging. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:2202–2205. doi: 10.1172/JCI137647. - PMC - PubMed

[10] Pedersen SF, Ho YC. SARS-CoV-2: a storm is raging. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:2202–2205. doi: 10.1172/JCI137647. - PMC - PubMed

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Cytokine levels and pathological characteristics of a patient with severe coronavirus disease 2019: a case report

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Cytokine levels and pathological characteristics of a patient with severe coronavirus disease 2019: a case report

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