Prevalence and psychosocial risk factors of nonsuicidal self-injury among adolescents during the COVID-19 outbreak

Wen-Ching Tang; Min-Pei Lin; Jianing You; Jo Yung-Wei Wu; Kuan-Chu Chen

doi:10.1007/s12144-021-01931-0

Prevalence and psychosocial risk factors of nonsuicidal self-injury among adolescents during the COVID-19 outbreak

Curr Psychol. 2021 Jun 1:1-10. doi: 10.1007/s12144-021-01931-0. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Wen-Ching Tang¹, Min-Pei Lin¹, Jianing You², Jo Yung-Wei Wu³, Kuan-Chu Chen¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, National Taiwan Normal University, No.162, Sec. 1, Heping E. Rd., Da-an District, Taipei City, 106 Taiwan.
² Center for Studies of Psychological Application & School of Psychology, South China Normal University, No. 155 Zhongshan W. Rd, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China.
³ Good-Day Psychology Clinic, 5F., No. 167, Xialin Rd., South District, Tainan City, 702 Taiwan.

Abstract

The research investigated the prevalence of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) during the COVID-19 outbreak and identified the psychosocial risk factors among junior high school students in Taiwan. Cross-sectional design was applied and 1,060 participants (Mage = 14.66, SD = 0.86 years) were recruited into the study. The prevalence of NSSI was found to be 40.9% (95% confidence interval, 37.9%-43.9%) during the COVID-19 outbreak. The results suggested that the self-injurers group were mostly female, and scored significantly higher in neuroticism, depression, impulsivity, alexithymia, virtual social support, dissatisfaction with academic performance, and lower in subjective wellbeing, self-esteem, actual social support, and family function than the non-injurers group. In addition, high neuroticism, low self-esteem, high virtual social support, high impulsivity, and high alexithymia were independently predictive in the logistic regression analysis. The principal results of this study suggested that NSSI was extremely prevalent among adolescents during the COVID-19 outbreak, and in particularly, personality and virtual environment risk factors and enhancing self-esteem should be the focus of NSSI preventive strategies when targeting this age population. Our results provide a reference towards designing NSSI prevention programs geared toward the high school population during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Keywords: COVID-19; Nonsuicidal self-injury; Prevalence; Risk factors.