We investigated the effects of current intensity on behavioral and autonomic heat-loss responses in intracranial self-stimulating (ICSS) rats. At an ambient temperature (Ta) of 22 degrees C, the tail vasodilation during ICSS behavior began at higher hypothalamic temperature (Thy) at higher current intensity. At a Ta of 36 degrees C, body extension, a typical heat-loss response in rats, appeared during ICSS behavior and frequently interrupted lever pressing. When the body extension first began, Thy was elevated if current intensity was high. In experiments in which current intensity was varied between two levels at a Ta of 22 degrees C, if current intensity was lowered after tail vasodilation began and Thy reached a steady level, the rat interrupted pressing the lever to lose heat through grooming or body extension. Rectal temperature (Tre) dropped in the process. If, on the other hand, current intensity was raised, the rate of lever pressing increased and Tre rose with tail vasoconstriction. The data suggest that the magnitude of the reward, as reflected in current intensity, affects both behavioral and autonomic heat-loss responses.