Mucormycosis of temporal bone is extremely rare. They are usually associated with host immunodeficiency, are difficult to diagnose, and many cases are fatal. We performed a literature review and found only 10 reported cases of temporal bone mucormycosis. We present a case of temporal bone mucormycosis involving the temporomandibular joint and infratemporal fossa in a 53-year-old woman with diabetes mellitus who presented with unbearable otalgia. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrate inhomogeneous density mass in the parapharyngeal and retropharyngeal space accompanied with lytic bone destruction on the temporomandibular joint. After undergoing a biopsy of the left infratemporal fossa, the patient's pathology exhibited fungal hyphae consistent with mucormycosis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of temporal bone mucormycosis with extensive involvement of temporomandibular joint and its adjacent structures, which exhibited no otologic or rhinologic signs. A definitive diagnosis is made by biopsy.
Keywords: fungal infection; immunosuppression; mucormycosis; temporal bone.