Impact of Optimal Medical Therapy on 10-Year Mortality After Coronary Revascularization

J Am Coll Cardiol. 2021 Jul 6;78(1):27-38. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.04.087.

Abstract

Background: The benefit of optimal medical therapy (OMT) on 5-year outcomes in patients with 3-vessel disease and/or left main disease after percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) was demonstrated in the randomized SYNTAX (Synergy Between PCI With Taxus and Cardiac Surgery) trial.

Objectives: The objective of this analysis is to assess the impact of the status of OMT at 5 years on 10-year mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention or CABG.

Methods: This is a subanalysis of the SYNTAXES (Synergy Between PCI With Taxus and Cardiac Surgery Extended Survival) study, which evaluated for up to 10 years the vital status of patients who were originally enrolled in the SYNTAX trial. OMT was defined as the combination of 4 types of medications: at least 1 antiplatelet drug, statin, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker, and beta-blocker. After stratifying participants by the number of individual OMT agents at 5 years and randomized treatment, a landmark analysis was conducted to assess the association between treatment response and 10-year mortality.

Results: In 1,472 patients, patients on OMT at 5 years had a significantly lower mortality at 10 years compared with those on ≤2 types of medications (13.1% vs 19.9%; adjusted HR: 0.470; 95% CI: 0.292-0.757; P = 0.002) but had a mortality similar to those on 3 types of medications. Furthermore, patients undergoing CABG with the individual OMT agents, antiplatelet drug and statin, at 5 years had lower 10-year mortality than those without.

Conclusions: In patients with 3-vessel and/or left main disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention or CABG, medication status at 5 years had a significant impact on 10-year mortality. Patients on OMT with guideline-recommended pharmacologic therapy at 5 years had a survival benefit. (Synergy Between PCI With Taxus and Cardiac Surgery: SYNTAX Extended Survival [SYNTAXES]; NCT03417050; Taxus Drug-Eluting Stent Versus Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery for the Treatment of Narrowed Arteries [SYNTAX]; NCT00114972).

Keywords: SYNTAX; coronary artery bypass graft; optimal medical therapy; percutaneous coronary intervention; survival.

Publication types

  • Randomized Controlled Trial
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / administration & dosage*
  • Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists / administration & dosage*
  • Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / administration & dosage*
  • Coronary Artery Bypass* / adverse effects
  • Coronary Artery Bypass* / methods
  • Coronary Artery Disease* / diagnosis
  • Coronary Artery Disease* / drug therapy
  • Coronary Artery Disease* / mortality
  • Coronary Artery Disease* / surgery
  • Coronary Vessels / diagnostic imaging
  • Coronary Vessels / pathology
  • Coronary Vessels / surgery
  • Drug Therapy, Combination / methods
  • Drug Therapy, Combination / statistics & numerical data
  • Drug-Eluting Stents
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / administration & dosage*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Mortality
  • Percutaneous Coronary Intervention* / adverse effects
  • Percutaneous Coronary Intervention* / instrumentation
  • Percutaneous Coronary Intervention* / methods
  • Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / administration & dosage*
  • Postoperative Period
  • Treatment Outcome

Substances

  • Adrenergic beta-Antagonists
  • Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists
  • Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
  • Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
  • Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors

Associated data

  • ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT00114972
  • ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT03417050