Bovine coronavirus infections in Turkey: molecular analysis of the full-length spike gene sequences of viruses from digestive and respiratory infections

Arch Virol. 2021 Sep;166(9):2461-2468. doi: 10.1007/s00705-021-05147-2. Epub 2021 Jul 1.

Abstract

Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) can be spread by animal activity. Although cattle farming is widespread in Turkey, there are few studies of BCoV. The aim of this study was to evaluate the current situation regarding BCoV in Turkey. This is the first study reporting the full-length nucleotide sequences of BCoV spike (S) genes in Turkey. Samples were collected from 119 cattle with clinical signs of respiratory (n = 78) or digestive tract (n = 41) infection on different farms located across widely separated provinces in Turkey. The samples were screened for BCoV using RT-nested PCR targeting the N gene, which identified BCoV in 35 samples (9 faeces and 26 nasal discharge). RT-PCR analysis of the S gene produced partial/full-length S gene sequences from 11 samples (8 faeces and 3 nasal discharge samples). A phylogenetic tree of the S gene sequences was made to analyze the genetic relationships among BCoVs from Turkey and other countries. The results showed that the local strains present in faeces and nasal discharge samples had many different amino acid changes. Some of these changes were shown in previous studies to be critical for tropism. This study provides new data on BCoV in Turkey that will be valuable in designing effective vaccine approaches and control strategies.

MeSH terms

  • Agriculture
  • Amino Acid Substitution
  • Animals
  • Cattle
  • Cattle Diseases / epidemiology*
  • Cattle Diseases / virology
  • Coronavirus Infections / epidemiology
  • Coronavirus Infections / veterinary*
  • Coronavirus Infections / virology
  • Coronavirus, Bovine / classification
  • Coronavirus, Bovine / genetics*
  • Diarrhea / epidemiology
  • Diarrhea / veterinary*
  • Diarrhea / virology
  • Epidemiological Monitoring / veterinary
  • Evolution, Molecular
  • Feces / virology
  • Humans
  • Mutation
  • Nasal Cavity / virology
  • Phylogeny
  • RNA, Viral / genetics*
  • Respiratory Tract Infections / epidemiology
  • Respiratory Tract Infections / veterinary*
  • Respiratory Tract Infections / virology
  • Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
  • Sequence Analysis, DNA
  • Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus / genetics*
  • Turkey / epidemiology

Substances

  • RNA, Viral
  • Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus