Depression and anxiety among college students: Understanding the impact on grade average and differences in gender and ethnicity

J Am Coll Health. 2023 May-Jun;71(4):1091-1102. doi: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1920954. Epub 2021 Jul 9.

Abstract

Objective: Psychiatric disorders, such as depression and anxiety, can hinder academic performance among college-age individuals. Participants: Mental health among college students is a growing public health concern, with some scholars describing collegiate mental health as a crisis (Chen et al., Psychiatr Serv. 2019;70(6):442-449). Methods: This study analyzes data from four annual administrations of the American College Health Association (ACHA)'S NCHA (n = 117,430). Results: Overall, anxiety and depression were the most common conditions, at 9.2% and 8.7%, respectively. Of students reporting the focal symptom, 17.87% were treated for depression and 12.91% were treated for anxiety. Compared to not-treated students, diagnosed only students, had significantly lower grade averages, with effect sizes of -0.30 and -0.20 for depression and anxiety, respectively. Conclusions: Given the prevalence of depression and anxiety among college-aged students, continued research into help seeking behaviors and their effects on outcomes like grade average is an essential part of understanding the toll these disorders take.

Keywords: Academic success; anxiety; college students; depression; grade average (GPA).

MeSH terms

  • Anxiety / epidemiology
  • Depression* / epidemiology
  • Depression* / psychology
  • Ethnicity* / psychology
  • Humans
  • Students / psychology
  • Universities
  • Young Adult