Double-edged sword: Therapeutic efficacy versus toxicity evaluations of doped titanium implants

Drug Discov Today. 2021 Nov;26(11):2734-2742. doi: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.07.004. Epub 2021 Jul 9.

Abstract

Titanium-based orthopaedic/dental implants modified with various metal-doping strategies can enhance local therapy and bioactivity. Intentional or unintentional (because of loading and wear) release of metal ions/nanoparticles (NPs) from metal-doped implants can be therapeutic or cause adverse local tissue reactions, compromising long-term survival. Strategies to incorporate metals into implants, such as superficial or deep loading inside nano-engineered surfaces, including nanotubes, and the physiochemical characteristics of the released species significantly influence both their therapeutic and cytotoxic potential. In this review, we compare and contrast this 'double-edged sword' to arrive at an improved understanding of metal-doped implants to enable controlled therapy while minimising cytotoxicity concerns.

Keywords: Implants; Metal doping; Metal ions; Metal nanoparticles; Nanotubes; Titanium; Toxicity.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / administration & dosage
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / adverse effects
  • Bone-Anchored Prosthesis
  • Dental Implants
  • Humans
  • Joint Prosthesis
  • Metal Nanoparticles / administration & dosage*
  • Metal Nanoparticles / adverse effects*
  • Nanotubes
  • Osseointegration
  • Prostheses and Implants*
  • Prosthesis Design*
  • Titanium*

Substances

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
  • Dental Implants
  • titanium dioxide
  • Titanium