The Plastid-Localized AtFtsHi3 Pseudo-Protease of Arabidopsis thaliana Has an Impact on Plant Growth and Drought Tolerance

Laxmi S Mishra; Sanatkumar Mishra; Daniel F Caddell; Devin Coleman-Derr; Christiane Funk

doi:10.3389/fpls.2021.694727

The Plastid-Localized AtFtsHi3 Pseudo-Protease of Arabidopsis thaliana Has an Impact on Plant Growth and Drought Tolerance

Front Plant Sci. 2021 Jun 23:12:694727. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.694727. eCollection 2021.

Authors

Laxmi S Mishra¹, Sanatkumar Mishra², Daniel F Caddell³, Devin Coleman-Derr^{3

4}, Christiane Funk¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
² Umeå Plant Science Center, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden.
³ Plant Gene Expression Center, US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Albany, CA, United States.
⁴ Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States.

Abstract

While drought severely affects plant growth and crop production, the molecular mechanisms of the drought response of plants remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrated for the first time the effect of the pseudo-protease AtFtsHi3 of Arabidopsis thaliana on overall plant growth and in drought tolerance. An AtFTSHi3 knock-down mutant [ftshi3-1(kd)] displayed a pale-green phenotype with lower photosynthetic efficiency and Darwinian fitness compared to wild type (Wt). An observed delay in seed germination of ftshi3-1(kd) was attributed to overaccumulation of abscisic acid (ABA); ftshi3-1(kd) seedlings showed partial sensitivity to exogenous ABA. Being exposed to similar severity of soil drying, ftshi3-1(kd) was drought-tolerant up to 20 days after the last irrigation, while wild type plants wilted after 12 days. Leaves of ftshi3-1(kd) contained reduced stomata size, density, and a smaller stomatic aperture. During drought stress, ftshi3-1(kd) showed lowered stomatal conductance, increased intrinsic water-use efficiency (WUEi), and slower stress acclimation. Expression levels of ABA-responsive genes were higher in leaves of ftshi3-1(kd) than Wt; DREB1A, but not DREB2A, was significantly upregulated during drought. However, although ftshi3-1(kd) displayed a drought-tolerant phenotype in aboveground tissue, the root-associated bacterial community responded to drought.

Keywords: Arabidopis thaliana; abscisic acid; chloroplast; drought; filamentation temperature-sensitive H protease; root microbiome.