Non-innocent Radical Ion Intermediates in Photoredox Catalysis: Parallel Reduction Modes Enable Coupling of Diverse Aryl Chlorides

J Am Chem Soc. 2021 Jul 28;143(29):10882-10889. doi: 10.1021/jacs.1c05988. Epub 2021 Jul 13.

Abstract

We describe a photocatalytic system that elicits potent photoreductant activity from conventional photocatalysts by leveraging radical anion intermediates generated in situ. The combination of an isophthalonitrile photocatalyst and sodium formate promotes diverse aryl radical coupling reactions from abundant but difficult to reduce aryl chloride substrates. Mechanistic studies reveal two parallel pathways for substrate reduction both enabled by a key terminal reductant byproduct, carbon dioxide radical anion.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Anions / chemistry
  • Carbon Dioxide / chemistry*
  • Catalysis
  • Formates / chemistry*
  • Free Radicals / chemistry
  • Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / chemistry*
  • Molecular Structure
  • Nitriles / chemistry*
  • Oxidation-Reduction
  • Photochemical Processes

Substances

  • Anions
  • Formates
  • Free Radicals
  • Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated
  • Nitriles
  • formic acid
  • Carbon Dioxide