Novel Paju Apodemus paramyxovirus 1 and 2, harbored by Apodemus agrarius in the Republic of Korea

Virology. 2021 Oct:562:40-49. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2021.06.011. Epub 2021 Jul 5.

Abstract

Paramyxoviruses harbored by multiple natural reservoirs pose a potential threat to public health. Jeilongvirus has been proposed as a novel paramyxovirus genus found in rodents, bats, and cats. Paramyxovirus RNA was detected in 108/824 (13.1%) Apodemus agrarius captured at 14 trapping sites in the Republic of Korea. We first present two genetically distinct novel paramyxoviruses, Paju Apodemus paramyxovirus 1 (PAPV-1) and 2 (PAPV-2). The disparity between PAPV-1 (19,716 nucleotides) and -2 (17,475 nucleotides) revealed the presence of the SH gene and length of the G gene in the genome organization. The phylogeny of PAPV-1 and -2 belonged to distinct genetic lineages of Jeilongvirus, respectively, even though these viruses were originated from A. agrarius. PAPV-1 infected human epithelial and endothelial cells, facilitating the induction of type I/III interferons, interferon-stimulated genes, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, this study provides insights into the molecular epidemiology, genetic diversity, and virus-host interactions of novel rodent-borne paramyxoviruses.

Keywords: Apodemus agrarius; Paju Apodemus paramyxovirus 1; Paju Apodemus paramyxovirus 2; Phylogenetic diversity; Rodent paramyxovirus.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Cytokines / metabolism
  • Endothelial Cells / metabolism
  • Endothelial Cells / virology
  • Epithelial Cells / metabolism
  • Epithelial Cells / virology
  • Genome, Viral / genetics
  • Humans
  • Murinae / virology*
  • Paramyxoviridae / classification*
  • Paramyxoviridae / genetics*
  • Phylogeny
  • RNA, Viral / genetics
  • Republic of Korea
  • Species Specificity
  • Viral Proteins / genetics
  • Virus Replication

Substances

  • Cytokines
  • RNA, Viral
  • Viral Proteins