Identification of the m6A RNA Methylation Regulators WTAP as a Novel Prognostic Biomarker and Genomic Alterations in Cutaneous Melanoma

Zi-Yi Feng; Ting Wang; Xin Su; Shu Guo

doi:10.3389/fmolb.2021.665222

Identification of the m⁶A RNA Methylation Regulators WTAP as a Novel Prognostic Biomarker and Genomic Alterations in Cutaneous Melanoma

Front Mol Biosci. 2021 Jul 5:8:665222. doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.665222. eCollection 2021.

Authors

Zi-Yi Feng¹, Ting Wang¹, Xin Su¹, Shu Guo¹

Affiliation

¹ Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.

Abstract

Background: The purpose of our research was to establish a gene signature and determine the prognostic value of m⁶A methylation regulators in cutaneous melanoma and WTAP as a protective gene in cutaneous melanoma prognosis, we also evaluated gene mutations in cutaneous melanoma. Methods: We downloaded the RNA-seq transcriptome data and the clinical information for cutaneous melanoma patients from the GTEx and TCGA databases. Consensus clustering analysis was applied to divide the samples into two groups. Then the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analyses were conducted to construct a risk signature, and we use external and internal datasets to verify its predictive value. We further searched the cBioPortal tools to detect genomic alterations and WTAP mutations. Finally, WTAP was further identified as a prognostic factor, and the related mechanisms mediated by WTAP were predicted by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Experimental validations and have been further carried out. Results: Notably, m⁶A RNA methylation regulators play significant roles in tumorigenesis and development. In total, we selected three subtypes of cutaneous melanoma according to consensus clustering of the m⁶A RNA methylation regulators, and the stage of cutaneous melanoma was proven to be related to the subtypes. The Cox regression and LASSO analyses built a risk signature including ELF3, ZC3H13 and WTAP. The prognostic value of the risk signature in internal and external datasets have been proven then. The whole-genome and selected gene WTAP mutations were further explored. WTAP as a single prognostic factor was also explored and found to serve as an independent protective prognostic factor. Conclusions: Our study constructed a stable risk signature composed of m⁶A RNA methylation regulators in cutaneous melanoma. Moreover, WTAP was identified as a valuable prognostic factor and potential molecular target for cutaneous melanoma treatment.

Keywords: WTAP; biomarker; cutaneous melanoma; genomic alterations; m6A regulators; survival analysis.