The Efficient Dizziness History and Exam

Abstract

Dizziness is a common complaint in otolaryngology clinics and can present a diagnostic challenge. A thorough history including onset, duration, and exacerbating and alleviating factors, along with physician persistence, can help differentiate between otologic and nonotologic forms of dizziness. An otologic and neurotologic physical examination, including vestibulo-ocular reflex and cranial nerve function evaluation and postural examination, can shed further light on symptom etiology. Otologic forms of dizziness often result in vertigo and may be associated with unilateral symptoms of hearing loss, aural fullness, or tinnitus. Primary causes of dizziness are more often constant and insidious in onset.

Keywords: Dizziness; Dizziness evaluation; Gait tests; Head impulse test; Nystagmus; Physical examination; Vertigo.