Single-molecule imaging of chromatin remodelers reveals role of ATPase in promoting fast kinetics of target search and dissociation from chromatin

Elife. 2021 Jul 27:10:e69387. doi: 10.7554/eLife.69387.

Abstract

Conserved ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers establish and maintain genome-wide chromatin architectures of regulatory DNA during cellular lifespan, but the temporal interactions between remodelers and chromatin targets have been obscure. We performed live-cell single-molecule tracking for RSC, SWI/SNF, CHD1, ISW1, ISW2, and INO80 remodeling complexes in budding yeast and detected hyperkinetic behaviors for chromatin-bound molecules that frequently transition to the free state for all complexes. Chromatin-bound remodelers display notably higher diffusion than nucleosomal histones, and strikingly fast dissociation kinetics with 4-7 s mean residence times. These enhanced dynamics require ATP binding or hydrolysis by the catalytic ATPase, uncovering an additional function to its established role in nucleosome remodeling. Kinetic simulations show that multiple remodelers can repeatedly occupy the same promoter region on a timescale of minutes, implicating an unending 'tug-of-war' that controls a temporally shifting window of accessibility for the transcription initiation machinery.

Keywords: ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers; S. cerevisiae; chromosomes; gene expression; live-cell imaging; promoter region occupancy; residence times; search; single-molecule tracking.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adenosine Triphosphatases
  • Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly*
  • DNA-Binding Proteins
  • Histones / genetics
  • Histones / metabolism
  • Kinetics
  • Nucleosomes / genetics*
  • Nucleosomes / metabolism
  • Protein Binding
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae / genetics*
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae / metabolism
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
  • Single Molecule Imaging
  • Transcription Factors / genetics*
  • Transcription Factors / metabolism

Substances

  • CHD1 protein, S cerevisiae
  • DNA-Binding Proteins
  • Histones
  • Nucleosomes
  • RSC complex, S cerevisiae
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
  • Transcription Factors
  • Adenosine Triphosphatases
  • ISW1 protein, S cerevisiae