Antixenosis in Glycine max (L.) Merr against Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris)

Katarzyna Stec; Bożena Kordan; Iwona Sergiel; Magdalena Biesaga; Joanna Mroczek; Jan Bocianowski; Beata Gabryś

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-94703-6

Antixenosis in Glycine max (L.) Merr against Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris)

Sci Rep. 2021 Jul 27;11(1):15289. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-94703-6.

Authors

Katarzyna Stec¹, Bożena Kordan², Iwona Sergiel³, Magdalena Biesaga⁴, Joanna Mroczek⁴, Jan Bocianowski⁵, Beata Gabryś⁶

Affiliations

¹ Department of Botany and Ecology, University of Zielona Góra, Szafrana 1, 65-516, Zielona Góra, Poland. katarzyna.rozycka1985@interia.pl.
² Department of Entomology, Phytopathology and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Warmia and Mazury, Prawocheńskiego 17, 10-720, Olsztyn, Poland.
³ Department of Biotechnology, University of Zielona Góra, Szafrana 1, 65-516, Zielona Góra, Poland.
⁴ Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
⁵ Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637, Poznań, Poland.
⁶ Department of Botany and Ecology, University of Zielona Góra, Szafrana 1, 65-516, Zielona Góra, Poland.

Abstract

To reveal the antixenosis potential against the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) we analyzed the pea aphid survival and probing behavior, and the quantitative and qualitative variation of flavonoids in the leaves of selected soybean Glycine max (L.) Merr (Fabaceae) cultivars 'Aldana', 'Annushka', 'Augusta', 'Madlen', 'Mavka', 'Simona', 'Violetta', and 'Viorica'. Aphid survival was drastically impeded on all cultivars. The electronic monitoring of aphid probing using the Electrical Penetration Graph (EPG) technique revealed that on all soybean cultivars, A. pisum readily probed into leaf tissues but the probes were usually terminated before reaching vascular tissues, which demonstrates the activity of antixenosis mechanisms in peripheral tissues epidermis and/or mesophyll in soybean leaves. The potency of antixenosis factors differed among soybean cultivars, which was reflected in differences in aphid survival and frequency and duration of phloem sap ingestion. Seven flavonoids were found: apigenin, daidzein, genistein, glycitein, isorhamnetin, kaempferol, and rutin, which occurred in different amount and proportion in individual cultivars. The content of apigenin and genistein in all soybean cultivars studied probably made them relatively unacceptable to A. pisum. Kaempferol in 'Aldana' might be responsible for the observed strong antixenosis resistance of this cultivar to A. pisum. The results of our survey provide the first detailed data that can be used for future studies.