Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support for Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-associated Vasculitides: An ELSO Registry Analysis

ASAIO J. 2022 Apr 1;68(4):553-560. doi: 10.1097/MAT.0000000000001539.

Abstract

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides with pulmonary involvement include granulomatosis with polyangiitis, microscopic polyangiitis, and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, and can present with life-threatening pulmonary hemorrhage in up to 40% of patients. Mortality in those patients who require intubation and mechanical ventilation can reach 77%. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) can be used to support these patients through definitive diagnosis and treatment, although minimizing the risk of ventilator-induced lung injury. We aimed to determine factors associated with favorable outcomes in patients with (ANCA)-associated vasculitides supported on ECMO. We performed a retrospective observational study using the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization registry of pediatric and adult patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis supported on ECMO from 2010 to 2020. One hundred thirty-five patients were included for analysis. Many patients had renal involvement (39%) in addition to pulmonary involvement (93%). Survival was 73% in AAV patients supported on ECMO. The presence of pulmonary hemorrhage was not associated with worse outcomes in our cohort. Older age, the use of venoarterial ECMO, ECMO-cardiopulmonary resuscitation, or sustaining a cardiac arrest before ECMO was associated with decreased survival. In conclusion, venovenous ECMO should be considered as a supportive bridge to definitive diagnosis and treatment in (ANCA)-associated vasculitides, regardless if pulmonary hemorrhage is present.

Publication types

  • Observational Study

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis* / complications
  • Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis* / therapy
  • Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic
  • Child
  • Churg-Strauss Syndrome*
  • Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation* / adverse effects
  • Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis*
  • Humans
  • Registries

Substances

  • Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic