Gastrointestinal metabolism of monomeric and polymeric polyphenols from mango (Mangifera indica L.) bagasse under simulated conditions

Abstract

Mango bagasse (MB) is an agro-industrial by-product rich in bioactive polyphenols with potential application as a functional ingredient. This study aimed to delineate the metabolic fate of monomeric/polymeric MB polyphenols subjected to simulated gastrointestinal digestion. The main identified compounds by LC/MS-TOF-ESI were phenolic acids [gallic acid (GA) and derivates, and chlorogenic acid], gallotannins and derivatives [di-GA (DA) and 3GG-to-8GG], benzophenones [galloylated maclurins (MGH, MDH)], flavonoids [Quercetin (Quer) and (QuerH)] and xanthones [mangiferin isomers]. The bioaccessibility depended on the polyphenols' structure, being Quer, 5G to 8G the main drivers. The results suggested that the gastrointestinal fate of MB polyphenols is mainly governed by benzophenones and gallotannins degalloylation and spontaneous xanthone isomerization in vitro to sustain GA bioaccessibility.

Keywords: ABTS (PubChem CID: 9570474); Acetonitrile (PubChem CID: 6342); Bioaccessibility; DPPH (PubChem CID: 74358); Ethyl acetate (PubChem CID: 8857); Formic acid (PubChem CID: 284); Hexane (PubChem CID: 8058); Mango (Mangifera indica L.) bagasse; Methanol (PubChem CID: 997); Pentobarbital sodium (PubChem CID: 23676152); Principal component analysis; Simulated gastrointestinal digestion; Sodium hydroxide (PubChem CID: 14798).