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. 2022 Jan;32(1):99-102.
doi: 10.1038/s41422-021-00539-0. Epub 2021 Aug 2.

SDX on the X chromosome is required for male sex determination

Junfeng Zhan  1   2 , Peng Cui  1 , Ziqi Yu  1 , Wei Qu  1 , Mengcheng Luo  3
Affiliations
Free PMC article

SDX on the X chromosome is required for male sex determination

Junfeng Zhan et al. Cell Res. 2022 Jan.
Free PMC article
No abstract available

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1. Characterization of the role of SDX in male sex determination.
a, b Coimmunostaining profiles of SOX9 and SDX in E11.5 XY gonads (a) and in E13.5 ones (b). Scale bar, 100 μm, and the one in enlarged box, 50 μm. c External and internal genitalia of normally sex differentiated (left) (#B266) and completely sex-reversed (right) (#B264) SDX–/Y mice. T, testis; Ep, epididymis; O, ovary; U, uterus; B, bladder. The distance between anus and penis or vagina is indicated. White arrows represent mammary glands. d Identification of Y chromosome in SDX-deficient mice, indicated by the existence of genes ZFY, DDX3Y and RBMY detected through PCR. e Proportion analysis of males and females in SDX+/Y, SDX−/Y, and SDX+/+ mice. f, g Immunofluorescence analysis of SOX9 and FOXL2 in E13.5 gonads (f) and E15.5 gonads (g). Scale bar, 200 μm, and 100μm in enlarged box. h, i Quantification of SOX9- and FOXL2-positive cells in E13.5 gonads (h) and in E15.5 gonads (i). j Genome-wide expression profiling of SDX+/Y and SDX−/Y gonads at E11.5 and E13.5. k RT-qPCR analyses of SRY and SOX9 in E11.5 XY gonads, as well as SOX9 and AMH in E13.5 ones. Repeated data were acquired from three different batches of samples, each of which included 4~6 XY gonads. Expression levels in SDX+/Y were defined as 1. l, n Coimmunostaining profiles of SOX9 with GATA4 in SDX+/Y and SDX−/Y gonads at E11.5, which were cut both vertically (l) and parallelly (n) referring to the long axis. Scale bar, 100 μm. m, o The ratios of SOX9-positive cells to the cells positive for GATA4 in E11.5 XY gonads in both vertical sections (m) and parallel sections (o). p Co-immunostaining analysis of SOX9 and SDX in adult human testes. Scale bar, 50 μm, and the one in enlarged box, 20 μm. Numbers of examined animals or embryos are shown above the bars. Expression levels are normalized to GAPDH. All data are presented as means ± SE. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001 (two-tailed unpaired Student’s t-test).
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