Background: The rate of cesarean deliveries is steadily growing worldwide as a result of increasing maternal age at first delivery. Ensuring optimal recovery after surgery, specifically the development of a functionally competent uterine scar to facilitate vaginal birth after a cesarean delivery (VBAC), is one of the challenges in modern obstetrics. Extracellular microvesicles (EMVs) are secreted by multiple cell types and act as mediators of intercellular interaction during tissue reparation. The immunomodulatory and regenerative effects of EMVs of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been studied shown in pre-clinical studies.
Aim of the study: To evaluate the safety profile of EMVs of mesenchymal stromal placental cells (MSPCs) injected during the cesarean delivery and the impact of this pilot approach on post-surgery recovery.
Materials and methods: This pilot study included 53 women undergoing cesarean delivery with (n = 23) or without (n = 30) an injection of 500 µl of MSC EMVs after closing the uterine incision with a single continuous Vicryl suture.
Results: All study participants had uncomplicated post-surgery period. The mean inpatient stay duration in women receiving the EMV injection was 4.26 ± 0.09 days vs. 5.33 ± 0.38 in the control group (p<.05). There were no postpartum inflammatory complications in the study group compared with two cases (6.7%) by postpartum endometritis/myometrial infection and one case (3.3%) of lochiometra in the control group.
Summary: Intra-surgery injection of MSC EMVs was well-tolerated and associated with a lower rate of infectious post-partum complications in women undergoing cesarean delivery.
Keywords: Extracellular microvesicles; cesarean delivery; endometritis; postpartum hospital stay; uterine scar.