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. 2021 Aug 4;5(8):e26852.
doi: 10.2196/26852.

Patients' Experiences of Using a Self-help App for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Qualitative Study

Lisa H G Riisager  1   2 , Anne Bryde Christensen  3 , Frederik Bernt Scharff  1 , Ida-Marie T P Arendt  1 , Israa Ismail  1 , Marianne Engelbrecht Lau  1 , Stine Bjerrum Moeller  1   2
Affiliations

Patients' Experiences of Using a Self-help App for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Qualitative Study

Lisa H G Riisager et al. JMIR Form Res. .

Abstract

Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common disorder that requires more treatment options. Mobile health (mHealth) app interventions are promising for patients with PTSD, as they can provide easily accessible support, strategies, and information. However, knowledge about mHealth interventions is sparse and primarily based on quantitative studies.

Objective: The aim of this study is to qualitatively explore the experiences of patients with PTSD with regard to using an mHealth app as a stand-alone intervention before commencing psychotherapeutic treatment.

Methods: We conducted semistructured interviews with 14 participants 6 weeks after they received the app. The participants were all referred to PTSD treatment and were waiting to commence psychotherapeutic treatment. During this waiting time, the participants had no contact with the health staff. Interviews were transcribed and were analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results: A total of 3 themes were identified-the use of app, being a patient, and the overall evaluation of the app. The use of the app was described with the subtheme of habits, and the theme of being a patient included the subthemes of having negative experiences with the app and being a part of a research project. The use of the app encompassed how psychological factors and technical problems could interfere with the use of the app. The theme of being a patient depicted that the waiting time before starting treatment was long, and a subgroup of patients experienced feeling worse during this time, which they partly attributed to using the app. Several suggestions for change have been described in the overall evaluation of the app.

Conclusions: The findings in this study revealed that emotional arousal influenced the use of the app and that it was difficult for participants to establish a habit of using the app, thus reflecting the importance of supporting habit formation when implementing an mHealth app in mental health care services. This study makes an important contribution to the field of mHealth research, as it revealed that some participants had negative experiences resulting from using the app, thus reflecting the potential harm of having an mHealth app without the support of a clinician. It is therefore recommended to use a blended care treatment or an approach in which mental health care professionals prescribe an mHealth app for relevant patients to avoid increased suicidal risk.

Keywords: PTSD; app; intervention; mHealth; mobile phone; patient experience; posttraumatic stress disorder; qualitative analysis; smartphone; thematic analysis.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of Interest: MEL and FBS were involved in the development of the app.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The PTSD Help app overall user surface. PTSD: posttraumatic stress disorder.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Overview of the PTSD self-assessment tool (in Danish). PTSD: posttraumatic stress disorder.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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