Impact of mycogenic zinc nanoparticles on performance, behavior, immune response, and microbial load in Oreochromis niloticus

Mohamed T El-Saadony; Fatmah M Alkhatib; Seraj O Alzahrani; Manal E Shafi; Shereen El Abdel-Hamid; Taha F Taha; Salama M Aboelenin; Mohamed M Soliman; Norhan H Ahmed

doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.04.066

Impact of mycogenic zinc nanoparticles on performance, behavior, immune response, and microbial load in Oreochromis niloticus

Saudi J Biol Sci. 2021 Aug;28(8):4592-4604. doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.04.066. Epub 2021 May 1.

Authors

Mohamed T El-Saadony¹, Fatmah M Alkhatib², Seraj O Alzahrani³, Manal E Shafi⁴, Shereen El Abdel-Hamid⁵, Taha F Taha⁶, Salama M Aboelenin⁷, Mohamed M Soliman⁸, Norhan H Ahmed⁹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt.
² Chemistry Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
³ Department of Chemistry, Collage of Science, Taibah University, Madina, Saudi Arabia.
⁴ Department of Biological Sciences, Zoology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
⁵ Veterinary Public Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
⁶ Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt.
⁷ Biology Department, Turabah University College, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia.
⁸ Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, Turabah University College, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia.
⁹ Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt.

Abstract

This work aims to evaluate the antibacterial activity of biological zinc nanoparticles (BIO-ZnONPs) against pathogenic fish bacteria and assess the effect of BIO-ZnONPs on the performance, behavior, and immune response in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) as compared to chemical zinc nanoparticles (CH- ZnONPs). Aspergillus niger TS16 fabricated the BIO-ZnONPs were spherical shape with the average size of 45 nm and net charge of -27.23 mV. Generally, the results indicate that BIO-ZnONPs were more effective than CH- ZnONPs in enhancing the performance properties of Nile tilapia. Five experimental groups of Nile tilapia (initial body weight of 20.2 g) were treated with two concentrations of 0.5 and 1 mg L^-1 from biological and chemical ZnONPs, while the fifth group was served as a control. After ten weeks of treated water with ZnONPs, the performance, feed efficiency parameters, feeding, and swimming behaviors significantly improved in BIO-ZnONPs treated groups (P < 0.05). The liver function, LYZ activity, and NBT values were significantly enhanced in the 0.5 mg L^-1 BIO-ZnONPS group compared to CH- ZnONPs group and control (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the lowest cortisol and the highest testosterone and growth hormone levels were recorded in 1 mg L^-1 BIO-ZnONPs group. Regarding the antibacterial effects, BIO-ZnONPs displayed the lower total bacterial loads in water and fish tissues (intestine, gills, skin, and muscle) and the maximum antibacterial properties against pathogenic bacteria (Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Aeromonas hydrophila). Our study exemplifies novel findings of BIO-ZnONPs in the promotion of fish health and production and its antibacterial properties in Nile tilapia.

Keywords: Antimicrobial properties; Biological; Nile tilapia; Physiological changes; ZnONPs.