Affective and Enjoyment Responses to Sprint Interval Exercise at Different Hypoxia Levels

Abstract

Benefits of performing sprint interval training (SIT) under hypoxic conditions on improving cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition have been well-documented, yet data is still lacking regarding affective responses to SIT under hypoxia. This study aimed to compare affective responses to SIT exercise under different oxygen conditions. Nineteen active males participated in three sessions of acute SIT exercise (20 repetitions of 6 s of all-out cycling bouts interspersed with 15 s of passive recovery) under conditions of normobaric normoxia (SL: PIO₂ 150 mmHg, FIO₂ 0.209), moderate hypoxia (MH: PIO₂ 117 mmHg, FIO₂ 0.154, simulating an altitude corresponding to 2500 m), and severe hypoxia (SH: PIO₂ 87 mmHg, FIO₂ 0.112, simulating an altitude of 5000 m) in a randomized order. Perceived exertions (RPE), affect, activation, and enjoyment responses were recorded before and immediately after each SIT session. There were no significant differences across the three conditions in RPE or the measurements of affective responses, despite a statistically lower SpO₂ (%) in severe hypoxia. Participants maintained a positive affect valence and reported increased activation in all the three SIT conditions. Additionally, participants experienced a medium level of enjoyment after exercise as indicated by the exercise enjoyment scale (EES) and physical activity enjoyment scale (PACES). These results indicated that performing short duration SIT exercise under severe hypoxia could be perceived as pleasurable and enjoyable as performing it under normoxia in active male population.

Keywords: exercise adherence; high-intensity interval training; interval exercise; pleasure.

Figure 1

Peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO₂) responses to sprint interval training exercise. Arrows are means, and lines present individual responses. SL: sea level; MH: moderate hypoxia; SH: severe hypoxia; PP: peak power; MP: mean power. * Statistically different from the corresponding Pre values (p < 0.05). † Statistically different from the corresponding SL values (p < 0.05). ‡ Statistically different from the corresponding MH values (p < 0.05).

Figure 2

Power outputs during exercise (A) and scores of physical activity enjoyment scale (PACES) (mean and standard deviation) (B) after sprint interval exercise at different hypoxia. * p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. SL: sea level; MH: moderate hypoxia; SH: severe hypoxia; PP: peak power; MP: mean power.