Objective: To investigate the occupational noise exposure characteristics and distribution of workers in wood furniture manufacturing industry and textile industry, so as to provide the basis for the establishment of noise source database and the prevention and control of noise hazards in China. Methods: In March 2020, a total of 653 workers in wood furniture manufacturing industry and textile industry were selected by cluster sampling method. A general questionnaire survey was conducted to measure the characteristics of noise exposure and analyze the changes of 8 h equivalent A-level (L(Aeq, 8 h)) and kurtosis of different industries and types of work. Results: The noise exposure L(Aeq, 8 h) of workers was (91.2±6.9) dB (A) , the median kurtosis and mean kurtosis were 37.0 and 105.0, respectively. 84.1% (549/653) of the workers had L(Aeq, 8 h)≥85 dB (A) , 49.0% (320/653) and 68.5% (447/653) of the workers had median kurtosis and mean kurtosis >10. The L(Aeq, 8 h) level of the textile industry was higher than that of the wooden furniture manufacturing industry, while the median and mean of kurtosis levels of the textile industry was lower than the wooden furniture manufacturing industry (P<0.01) . The L(Aeq, 8 h) levels of spinners and weavers were higher, and the median and mean of kurtosis of nailers were higher (P<0.05) . The mean and median of kurtosis were highly correlated among workers of two industries (r=0.80, P<0.01) . The L(Aeq, 8 h) was positively correlated with mean and median of kurtosis among workers of wooden furniture manufacturing industry (r=0.33 and 0.35, P<0.01) , while it was negatively correlated with mean and median of kurtosis among workers of textile industry (r=-0.45 and -0.40, P<0.01) . Conclusion: Indicators for noise exposure characteristics, such as L(Aeq, 8 h) and kurtosis vary greatly by industries and type of works. Multi-indicator joint measurement is conducive to comprehensive assessment of noise exposure and its health effects.
目的： 调查木质家具制造业和纺织业工人职业性噪声接触特征及其分布状况，为我国噪声源数据库建立和噪声危害防控提供基础依据。 方法： 于2020年3月，采用整群抽样方法选取木质家具制造业和纺织业共653名工人作为调查对象，进行一般情况问卷调查，测量噪声接触特征指标，分析不同行业和工种的8 h等效连续A声级（L(Aeq，8 h)）和峰度等变化。 结果： 作业工人噪声接触L(Aeq，8 h)为（91.2±6.9）dB（A）,峰度中位数和峰度均数分别为37.0、105.0。84.1%（549/653）的工人L(Aeq，8 h)≥85 dB（A），49.0%（320/653）、68.5%（447/653）的工人峰度中位数和峰度均数>10。纺织业工人L(Aeq，8 h)水平高于木质家具制造业，而峰度中位数和峰度均数低于木质家具制造业（P<0.01）；织布工和纺织工L(Aeq，8 h)较高，枪钉工峰度指标较高（P<0.05）。作业工人峰度中位数与峰度均数呈正相关（r=0.80，P<0.01）；木质家具制造业工人L(Aeq，8 h)与峰度中位数和峰度均数均呈正相关（r=0.33、0.35，P<0.01）；纺织业工人噪声接触L(Aeq，8 h)与峰度中位数和峰度均数均呈负相关（r=-0.45、-0.40，P<0.01）。 结论： L(Aeq，8 h)和峰度等噪声接触特征指标的行业和工种分布差异较大，多指标联合测量有利于全面评估噪声接触及其健康效应。.
Keywords: Exposure characteristic; Kurtosis; Noise, occupational; Textile industry; Wooden furniture manufacturing industry.