The janus-kinase inhibitor ruxolitinib in SARS-CoV-2 induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

Leukemia. 2021 Oct;35(10):2917-2923. doi: 10.1038/s41375-021-01374-3. Epub 2021 Aug 12.

Abstract

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019), which is associated with high morbidity and mortality, especially in elder patients. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening complication of COVID-19 and has been linked with severe hyperinflammation. Dexamethasone has emerged as standard of care for COVID-19 associated respiratory failure. In a non-randomized prospective phase II multi-center study, we asked whether targeted inhibition of Janus kinase-mediated cytokine signaling using ruxolitinib is feasible and efficacious in SARS-CoV-2- induced ARDS with hyperinflammation. Sixteen SARS-CoV-2 infected patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation for ARDS were treated with ruxolitinib in addition to standard treatment. Ruxolitinib treatment was well tolerated and 13 patients survived at least the first 28 days on treatment, which was the primary endpoint of the trial. Immediate start of ruxolitinib after deterioration was associated with improved outcome, as was a lymphocyte-to-neutrophils ratio above 0.07. Together, treatment with the janus-kinase inhibitor ruxolitinib is feasible and might be efficacious in COVID-19 induced ARDS patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation. The trial has been registered under EudraCT-No.: 2020-001732-10 and NCT04359290.

Publication types

  • Clinical Trial, Phase II
  • Multicenter Study
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • COVID-19 / complications*
  • Female
  • Follow-Up Studies
  • Humans
  • Janus Kinase Inhibitors / therapeutic use*
  • Janus Kinases / antagonists & inhibitors*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Nitriles
  • Prognosis
  • Pyrazoles / therapeutic use*
  • Pyrimidines
  • Respiratory Distress Syndrome / drug therapy*
  • Respiratory Distress Syndrome / epidemiology
  • Respiratory Distress Syndrome / virology
  • SARS-CoV-2 / isolation & purification*
  • Survival Rate

Substances

  • Janus Kinase Inhibitors
  • Nitriles
  • Pyrazoles
  • Pyrimidines
  • ruxolitinib
  • Janus Kinases

Associated data

  • ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT04359290