Hoarseness

Med Clin North Am. 2021 Sep;105(5):917-938. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2021.05.012. Epub 2021 Jul 12.

Abstract

Hoarseness is a common problem, typically of transient nature. When hoarseness does not resolve, or when it is associated with concerning symptoms, it is important to consider a wide differential and refer to an otolaryngologist. This article discusses the physiology of the voice and possible causes of dysphonia, and explores when it warrants further work-up by ENT. A discussion of diagnostic techniques and the myriad of tools to treat hoarseness follows. Additionally, the role of reflux in dysphonia is examined with a critical eye to aid in accurate assessment of the patient's complaint.

Keywords: Dysphonia; Hoarseness; Laryngology; Vocal fold; Voice.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Diagnosis, Differential
  • Dysphonia / diagnosis
  • Dysphonia / pathology
  • Hoarseness / diagnosis
  • Hoarseness / etiology
  • Hoarseness / pathology*
  • Hoarseness / therapy
  • Humans
  • Laryngoscopy
  • Primary Health Care