Findings of prosthetic valve endocarditis in the balloon-expandable trans-catheter aortic valve: review of the literature and tips of management

J Cardiothorac Surg. 2021 Aug 16;16(1):234. doi: 10.1186/s13019-021-01609-5.

Abstract

Prosthetic valve endocarditis after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is a rare complication associated with a high mortality rate. Nonetheless, the rapid expansion of TAVI in recent years has proportionally increased the number of patients exposed to the risk of developing transcatheter valve infection. A 71-year-old female with recent history of TAVI was diagnosed with prosthetic valve obstruction secondary to endocarditis. The characteristics of clinical presentation of endocarditis in the balloon-expandable transcatheter valve and the intra-operative findings are discussed with a review of the literature and tips of management.

Keywords: Posterior aortic root enlargement; TAVI; TAVI explant; TAVI-endocarditis.

Publication types

  • Case Reports
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Animals
  • Aortic Valve Stenosis / diagnosis
  • Aortic Valve Stenosis / microbiology
  • Aortic Valve Stenosis / therapy
  • Aortic Valve* / diagnostic imaging
  • Aortic Valve* / microbiology
  • Aortic Valve* / surgery
  • Cattle
  • Endocarditis, Bacterial* / diagnosis
  • Endocarditis, Bacterial* / microbiology
  • Endocarditis, Bacterial* / therapy
  • Female
  • Heart Valve Prosthesis* / adverse effects
  • Heart Valve Prosthesis* / microbiology
  • Humans
  • Prosthesis-Related Infections* / diagnosis
  • Prosthesis-Related Infections* / microbiology
  • Prosthesis-Related Infections* / therapy
  • Risk Factors
  • Streptococcal Infections / diagnosis
  • Streptococcal Infections / microbiology
  • Streptococcal Infections / therapy
  • Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement* / adverse effects
  • Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement* / instrumentation
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Viridans Streptococci / isolation & purification*