Milk and dairy consumption is positively associated with height in adolescents: results from the Israeli National Youth Health and Nutrition Survey

doi:10.1007/s00394-021-02661-6

. 2022 Feb;61(1):429-438.

doi: 10.1007/s00394-021-02661-6. Epub 2021 Aug 18.

Milk and dairy consumption is positively associated with height in adolescents: results from the Israeli National Youth Health and Nutrition Survey

Chen Dor¹, Aliza Hannah Stark¹, Rita Dichtiar², Lital Keinan-Boker^{2

3}, Tal Shimony², Tali Sinai^{4

5}

Affiliations

¹ School of Nutritional Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel.
² Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, 5262100, Ramat Gan, Israel.
³ School of Public Health, University of Haifa, 3498838, Haifa, Israel.
⁴ School of Nutritional Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel. tali.sinai@moh.gov.il.
⁵ Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, 5262100, Ramat Gan, Israel. tali.sinai@moh.gov.il.

PMID: 34406484
DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02661-6

Milk and dairy consumption is positively associated with height in adolescents: results from the Israeli National Youth Health and Nutrition Survey

Chen Dor et al. Eur J Nutr. 2022 Feb.

. 2022 Feb;61(1):429-438.

doi: 10.1007/s00394-021-02661-6. Epub 2021 Aug 18.

Authors

Chen Dor¹, Aliza Hannah Stark¹, Rita Dichtiar², Lital Keinan-Boker^{2

3}, Tal Shimony², Tali Sinai^{4

5}

Affiliations

¹ School of Nutritional Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel.
² Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, 5262100, Ramat Gan, Israel.
³ School of Public Health, University of Haifa, 3498838, Haifa, Israel.
⁴ School of Nutritional Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel. tali.sinai@moh.gov.il.
⁵ Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, 5262100, Ramat Gan, Israel. tali.sinai@moh.gov.il.

PMID: 34406484
DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02661-6

Abstract

Purpose: Milk consumption is associated with increased height primarily in early childhood. However, in adolescents, data are scarce with inconsistent results. Since height is a proxy for overall health and well-being, this study evaluated the association of dairy intake with height in adolescents.

Methods: Students in 7th-12th grades, participating in the 2015-2016 Israeli Health and Nutrition Youth Survey, a school-based cross-sectional study, completed self-administered questionnaires, including a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (n = 3529, 48% males, 15.2 ± 1.6 years). Anthropometric measurements were also performed. Dairy servings were calculated as the calcium equivalent of 1 cup of milk, and consumption was divided into four categories from very low (< 1 serving/day) to high (3 + servings/day). BMI- and Height-for-age z scores (HAZs) were calculated according to WHO growth standard; relatively short stature (RSS) was defined as HAZ < - 0.7 SD (< 25th percentile). Multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association of dairy intake with HAZ and prevalence of RSS, respectively.

Results: Median consumption of dairy products was 2 servings/day, 1.4 from unsweetened products (milk, cheese and yogurt). Controlling for age, sex, BMI-z-score and socioeconomic status, each increment of unsweetened dairy intake was associated with on average 0.04 higher HAZ (equivalent to 0.3-0.4 cm, p < 0.05), and with reduced risk for RSS: OR 0.90, 95%CI: 0.84, 0.97, p < 0.01. No such associations were found with sweetened dairy products.

Conclusion: Consumption of unsweetened dairy products (3-4 servings/day) appears to contribute to achieving growth potential in adolescents. Intervention studies are necessary to determine the causal relationship between dairy intake and linear growth.

Keywords: Adolescents; Dairy; Israel; Linear growth; MABAT; Short stature; Survey.

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[1] De Onis M, Branca F (2016) Childhood stunting: a global perspective. Matern Child Nutr 12(Suppl 1):12–26. https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.12231 - DOI - PubMed - PMC

[2] De Onis M, Branca F (2016) Childhood stunting: a global perspective. Matern Child Nutr 12(Suppl 1):12–26. https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.12231 - DOI - PubMed - PMC

[3] Sudfeld CR, McCoy DC, Danaei G, Fink G, Ezzati M, Andrews KG, Fawzi WW (2015) Linear growth and child development in low- and middle-income countries: a meta-analysis. Pediatrics 135(5):e1266–e1275. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2014-3111 - DOI - PubMed

[4] Sudfeld CR, McCoy DC, Danaei G, Fink G, Ezzati M, Andrews KG, Fawzi WW (2015) Linear growth and child development in low- and middle-income countries: a meta-analysis. Pediatrics 135(5):e1266–e1275. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2014-3111 - DOI - PubMed

[5] Perkins JM, Subramanian SV, Davey Smith G, Özaltin E (2016) Adult height, nutrition, and population health. Nutr Rev 74(3):149–165. https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuv105 - DOI - PubMed - PMC

[6] Perkins JM, Subramanian SV, Davey Smith G, Özaltin E (2016) Adult height, nutrition, and population health. Nutr Rev 74(3):149–165. https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuv105 - DOI - PubMed - PMC

[7] Millward DJ (2017) Nutrition, infection and stunting: the roles of deficiencies of individual nutrients and foods, and of inflammation, as determinants of reduced linear growth of children. Nutr Res Rev 30:50–72. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954422416000238 - DOI - PubMed

[8] Millward DJ (2017) Nutrition, infection and stunting: the roles of deficiencies of individual nutrients and foods, and of inflammation, as determinants of reduced linear growth of children. Nutr Res Rev 30:50–72. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954422416000238 - DOI - PubMed

[9] Dror DK, Allen LH (2014) Dairy product intake in children and adolescents in developed countries: trends, nutritional contribution, and a review of association with health outcomes. Nutr Rev 72(2):68–81. https://doi.org/10.1111/nure.12078 - DOI - PubMed

[10] Dror DK, Allen LH (2014) Dairy product intake in children and adolescents in developed countries: trends, nutritional contribution, and a review of association with health outcomes. Nutr Rev 72(2):68–81. https://doi.org/10.1111/nure.12078 - DOI - PubMed

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Milk and dairy consumption is positively associated with height in adolescents: results from the Israeli National Youth Health and Nutrition Survey

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Milk and dairy consumption is positively associated with height in adolescents: results from the Israeli National Youth Health and Nutrition Survey

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