Toxic effect of Croton rudolphianus leaf essential oil against Biomphalaria glabrata, Schistosoma mansoni cercariae and Artemia salina

Ingridd Ayslane T A Ribeiro; José Luiz F Sá; Maíra V Lima; Shyrlane T S Veras; Júlio César R O F Aguiar; André L Aires; Mônica C P A Albuquerque; Márcia Vanusa da Silva; Ana Maria M A Melo; Daniela Maria A F Navarro; Maria Tereza S Correia

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106102

Toxic effect of Croton rudolphianus leaf essential oil against Biomphalaria glabrata, Schistosoma mansoni cercariae and Artemia salina

Acta Trop. 2021 Nov:223:106102. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106102. Epub 2021 Aug 17.

Affiliations

¹ Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. Electronic address: ingridd.torres@hotmail.com.
² Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
³ Departamento de Biofísica e Radiobiologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
⁴ Departamento de Engenharia Civil e Ambiental, Centro de Tecnologia e Geociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
⁵ Departamento de Química Fundamental, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
⁶ Departamento de Medicina Tropical, Centro de Ciência da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.

PMID: 34416188
DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106102

Abstract

This research investigated the effect of the Croton rudolphianus leaf essential oil (EO) on Biomphalaria glabrata embryos (at different development stages) and adults, Schistosoma mansoni cercariae, and Artemia salina (non-target organism). It was possible to identify 31 compounds in the C. rudolphianus EO through GC-MS analysis. The major compounds from this oil were (E)-caryophyllene (17.33%), an unknown compound (16.87%), bicyclogermacrene (7.1%), δ-cadinene (6.62%) and germacrene D (5.38%). After incubation for 24 h, the EO of C. rudolphianus induced the occurrence of non-viable embryos (dead and malformed), with an LC₅₀ value of 126.54, 133.51, 143.53 and 161.95 µg/mL and an LC₉₀ value of 202.61, 216.48, 232.98 and 271.16 µg/mL to blastula, gastrula, trochophore and veliger embryonic stages, respectively. The EO was more effective against B. glabrata adults (LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ = 47.89 and 78.86 µg/mL, respectively), and S. mansoni cercariae (LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ = 14.81 and 22.15 after 120 mins of exposure, respectively) than against B. glabrata embryos. Concerning the micronucleus assay, the mean frequency of apoptosis, binucleation and micronucleus were 45.33 ± 3.51, 19.33 ± 1.53 and 0.67 ± 0.58 per 1000 cells at 25 µg/mL, which is the highest concentration tested. The oil killed A. salina with LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ values (68.33 and 111.5 µg/mL, respectively) higher than those determined for adult snails and S. mansoni cercariae. In conclusion, C. rudolphianus EO had a toxic effect against B. glabrata adults and embryos, and S. mansoni cercariae. Furthermore, this oil showed to be cytotoxic to hemocytes of B. glabrata. Concerning the non-target organism assay, C. rudolphianus EO was less toxic to A. salina then to adult snails and S. mansoni cercariae. Due to this, the EO from C. rudolphianus leaves is a potential alternative for schistosomiasis control.

Keywords: Embryotoxicity; Lethal concentration; Molluscicidal agents; Natural product; Neglected diseases; Schistosomiasis.

MeSH terms

Animals
Artemia / drug effects
Biomphalaria* / drug effects
Croton Oil / pharmacology*
Croton* / chemistry
Molluscacides*
Oils, Volatile* / pharmacology
Plant Leaves / chemistry
Schistosoma mansoni / drug effects*

Substances

Molluscacides
Oils, Volatile
Croton Oil