Background and objectives Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) refers to a complete thrombotic obstruction of the venous hepatic outflow tract due to various etiologies and constitutes a rare indication for ortothopic liver transplantation (LT). Few studies investigated long-term outcomes after LT for BCS. The aim of this study was to examine potential risk factors for late mortality and to evaluate long-term outcomes after LT for BCS. Materials and methods: 46 patients received an LT for BCS between 1989 and 2019 at the transplant center of the Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin. We analyzed potential effects of disease etiology, vascular events, rejection, and immunosuppression on long-term survival after transplantation using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox logistic regression. Results: Of the 46 patients, 70% were female and 30% were male. Median age at the time of transplantation was 36 years. A total of 41 vascular events, including 26 thrombotic and 17 hemorrhagic incidents, occurred. The 1 year, the 5 year, the 10 year, and the 20 year survival rates were 87%, 83%, 76%, and 60%, respectively. By comparison, survival rates of the liver transplant cohort across all other indications at our center were slightly inferior with 85%, 75%, 65%, and 46%, respectively. In the study population, patients with myeloproliferative disorders showed worse outcomes compared to patients with other causes of BCS. Conclusion: Liver transplantation for BCS showed excellent results, even superior to those for other indications. Vascular events (i.e., thrombotic or hemorrhagic complications) did not have any prognostic value for overall mortality. Patients with myeloproliferative disorders seem to have a disadvantage in survival.
Keywords: Budd-Chiari syndrome; anticoagulation; clotting disorder; hypercoagulable state; immunosuppression; liver transplantation; thrombophilia.