Acid reducing agents (ARAs) reduce the dissolution rate of weakly basic drugs in the stomach potentially leading to lower bioavailability. Formulating the API as a rapidly dissolving salt is one strategy employed to reduce the impact of ARAs on dissolution of such drugs. In the present work, a model drug was selected with an immediate release formulation of the free base dosed in both the absence and presence of the ARA famotidine. In the latter case, bioavailability is restricted and several salt formulations were investigated. To simulate these drug products a mechanistic physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was built using the Simcyp Simulator, which illustrates the advantage of formulating an API as a salt compared to the free base form. The simulations use a mechanistic salt model utilising knowledge of the solubility product which was applied to predict the salt advantage. The developed PBPK model exemplifies that it can be critical to account for the surface pH and solubility when modelling the dissolution of low pKa bases and their salts in the gastric environment. In particular, the mechanistic salt model can be used to aid in screening and salt form selection where the aim is to mitigate effects of ARAs.
Keywords: ADAM; PBPK; PPI; Simcyp; absorption; acid reducing agents (ARA); drug salt; surface pH.