Research reveals veterinary medical students and professionals are at increased risk for mental health problems such as depression, anxiety, and suicidality, yet many individuals in distress do not seek professional mental health services. Although some barriers to accessing services have been identified, other factors, including how professional culture influences service underutilization, are poorly understood. In this study, we used a mixed-methods approach to investigate 573 veterinary students' perceptions of barriers to seeking mental health services and potential mechanisms to lessen them. We identified four barrier themes: stigma, veterinary medical culture and identities, services, and personal factors. Participants' suggestions for reducing barriers to seeking help related to three themes: culture, services, and programmatic factors. We compared perceptions of barriers based on the severity of participants' self-reported symptoms of depression and anxiety and found that participants with severe depression, compared with participants with mild depression, were more likely to perceive barriers related to veterinary medical culture. The results of this study provide a deeper understanding of veterinary students' barriers to seeking mental health services and, in particular, how these barriers, as both individual and sociocultural phenomena, are often interrelated and mutually reinforcing.
Keywords: barriers; depression; help seeking; professional identity; stigma; veterinary mental health.