Active matrix metalloproteinase-8 (aMMP-8) point-of-care test (POCT) in the COVID-19 pandemic

Expert Rev Proteomics. 2021 Aug;18(8):707-717. doi: 10.1080/14789450.2021.1976151. Epub 2021 Sep 11.

Abstract

Introduction: Active matrix metalloproteinase (aMMP)-8 utilized in point-of-care testing (POCT) is regarded as a potential biomarker for periodontal and peri-implant diseases. Various host and microbial factors eventually influence the expression, degranulation, levels and activation of aMMP-8. The type of oral fluids (saliva, mouthrinse, gingival crevicular, and peri-implant sulcular fluids [GCF/PISF], respectively) affect the analysis.

Areas covered: With this background, we aimed to review here the recent studies on practical, inexpensive, noninvasive and quantitative mouthrinse and GCF/PISF chair-side POCT lateral flow aMMP-8 immunoassays (PerioSafe and ImplantSafe/ORALyzer) and how they help to detect, predict, monitor the course, treatment and prevention of periodontitis and peri-implantitis. The correlations of aMMP-8 POCT to other independent and catalytic activity assays of MMP-8 are also addressed.

Expert opinion: The mouthrinse aMMP-8 POCT can also detect prediabetes/diabetes and tissue destructive oral side-effects due to the head and neck cancers' radiotherapy. Chlorhexidine and doxycycline can inhibit collagenolytic human neutrophil and GCF aMMP-8. Furthermore, by a set of case-series we demonstrate the potential of mouthrinse aMMP-8 POCT to real-time/online detect periodontitis as a potential risk disease for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The clinical interdisciplinary utilization of aMMP-8 POCT requires additional oral, medical, and interdisciplinary studies.

Keywords: Covid-19; Matrix metalloproteinase 8; biomarkers; diagnostics; mouth rinse; oral fluids; peri-implantitis; periodontitis.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Biomarkers / analysis
  • Biomarkers / metabolism
  • COVID-19 / complications
  • COVID-19 / enzymology*
  • COVID-19 Drug Treatment
  • Diabetes Mellitus / diagnosis
  • Diabetes Mellitus / enzymology
  • Doxycycline / therapeutic use
  • Humans
  • Immunoassay / methods
  • Matrix Metalloproteinase 8 / analysis
  • Matrix Metalloproteinase 8 / metabolism*
  • Mouthwashes
  • Oral Hygiene
  • Pandemics*
  • Peri-Implantitis / diagnosis
  • Peri-Implantitis / enzymology
  • Periodontitis / complications
  • Periodontitis / diagnosis
  • Periodontitis / enzymology
  • Point-of-Care Testing
  • Radiotherapy / adverse effects
  • Risk Factors
  • SARS-CoV-2*

Substances

  • Biomarkers
  • Mouthwashes
  • MMP8 protein, human
  • Matrix Metalloproteinase 8
  • Doxycycline

Grants and funding

This research was funded by the Helsinki and Uusimaa Hospital District (HUS) (TYH2016251,TYH2017251, TYH2018229, TYH2019319, Y1014SL017, Y1014SL018, Y1014SULE1), Finland; Suomen Hammaslääkäriseura Apollonia (Finnish Dental Association Apollonia), Finland; Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.