Design, implementation, and evaluation of a PRECEDE-PROCEED model-based intervention for oral and dental health among primary school students of Rafsanjan city: a mixed method study

Mohtasham Ghaffari; Sakineh Rakhshanderou; Mohammad Asadpour; Mostafa Nasirzadeh; Leili Mazar

doi:10.1186/s12889-021-11585-z

Design, implementation, and evaluation of a PRECEDE-PROCEED model-based intervention for oral and dental health among primary school students of Rafsanjan city: a mixed method study

BMC Public Health. 2021 Sep 3;21(1):1609. doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-11585-z.

Authors

Mohtasham Ghaffari¹, Sakineh Rakhshanderou¹, Mohammad Asadpour², Mostafa Nasirzadeh³, Leili Mazar⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Public Health, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
² Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
³ Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Occupational Environment Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran. mnasirzadeh13@rums.ac.ir.
⁴ Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Student Research Committee, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.

Abstract

Background: Oral and dental health has a significant impact on public health as well as the quality of life among individuals and families. This study aims to design, implement, and evaluate an intervention based on the PRECEDE-PROCEED model for oral and dental health among primary school students in Rafsanjan city, Southern Iran.

Methods: According to the nature of the model and with the focus group discussion and interview methods, in phases 1 to 4 (PRECEDE), predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors related to oral health were identified. The training program was designed and consisted of six sessions for students (250 students) with a brushing session, three sessions for parents, and two sessions for teachers. Process evaluation and the effect of the program on behavioral and factors affecting oral health were evaluated (PROCEED).

Results: In the qualitative section, seven predisposing factors, five enabling factors, and two reinforcing factors were identified. A training program based on the PRECEDE-PROCEED model was found to be effective in increasing the mean scores of the above constructs and the students' brushing behavior (P < 0.001).

Conclusion: Based on the model planning phases, the factors affecting the brushing behavior of children aged 6-12 years were identified. The educational program has had a significant effect on improving the scores of predisposing, enabling and reinforcing factors and children's brushing behavior.

Keywords: Brushing; Intervention; Oral and dental health; PRECEDE-PROCEED model; Primary schools’ students.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Child
Humans
Iran
Quality of Life*
Schools*
Students
Toothbrushing