The second brain: The connection between gut microbiota composition and multiple sclerosis

Melina Farshbafnadi; Elmira Agah; Nima Rezaei

doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577700

The second brain: The connection between gut microbiota composition and multiple sclerosis

J Neuroimmunol. 2021 Nov 15:360:577700. doi: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577700. Epub 2021 Aug 24.

Authors

Melina Farshbafnadi¹, Elmira Agah², Nima Rezaei³

Affiliations

¹ School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
² Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, NeuroImmunology Research Association (NIRA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
³ Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: rezaei_nima@tums.ac.ir.

PMID: 34482269
DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577700

Abstract

Gut microbiota composition may affect the central nervous system (CNS) and immune function. Several studies have recently examined the possible link between gut microbiota composition and multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Most of these studies agree that patients with MS suffer from dysbiosis. Moreover, an altered proportion of certain phyla of bacteria was detected in the digestive tracts of these patients compared to healthy individuals. This review article gathers information from research papers that have examined the relationship between gut microbiota composition and MS and its possible mechanisms.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Animals
Brain-Gut Axis* / immunology
Brain-Gut Axis* / physiology
Disease Models, Animal
Dysbiosis / complications*
Dysbiosis / physiopathology
Dysbiosis / therapy
Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / microbiology*
Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / physiopathology
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation
Female
Gastrointestinal Microbiome*
Humans
Male
Mice
Mice, Inbred Strains
Mice, Transgenic
Multiple Sclerosis / etiology
Multiple Sclerosis / microbiology*
Multiple Sclerosis / physiopathology
Multiple Sclerosis / therapy
Neurodegenerative Diseases / etiology
Neurodegenerative Diseases / immunology
Neurodegenerative Diseases / microbiology
Probiotics
Rats
Vitamin D / therapeutic use

Substances

Vitamin D