Background: Cobalt is a dermal sensitizer, and keratinocytes respond to cobalt exposure by releasing proinflammatory mediators, regulating the immune response.
Objective: To determine the effect of cobalt on the inflammasome associated cytokine- and gene expression in cultured human keratinocytes (HaCaT). Cultivation in low- or high calcium conditions model separate differentiation states of keratinocytes in the skin.
Method: HaCaT cells in two different states of differentiation were exposed to cobalt chloride and caspase-1 activity as well as the production of IL-1β, IL-18 and gene expression of IL1B, IL18, NLRP3, CASP1, and PYCARD was quantified.
Results: High cobalt chloride exposure mediated significant increase in caspase-1 activity, cytokine levels, and IL1B and NLRP3 expression with a corresponding regulatory decrease for CASP1 and PYCARD expression. No difference between high- and low calcium culturing conditions modelling differentiation states was detected.
Conclusions: Our data suggest that HaCaT cells respond with inflammmasome associated activity upon cobalt exposure in a concentration-dependent manner. These mechanisms could be of importance for the understanding of the pathophysiology behind allergic sensitization to dermal cobalt exposure.
Keywords: CoCl2; HaCaT; IL-18; IL-1β; NLRP3 inflammasome; caspase-1; skin.