Background: We investigated the feasibility and safety of an exercise intervention in patients with metastatic solid cancer.
Methods: Patients scheduled to receive first-line chemotherapy for metastatic cancer with a life expectancy of ≥4 months, no brain metastases, and no high risk of fracture were recruited to participate in a 12-week, combined resistance and aerobic exercise program consisting of supervised, hospital-based (2×/week) and home-based training (3×/week) during palliative chemotherapy. Feasibility and safety of the exercise intervention were the primary outcomes. The secondary outcomes were skeletal muscle mass and strength, functional capacity, quality of life (QoL), and fatigue.
Results: Nineteen patients were enrolled in this pilot study. Five patients withdrew consent before the exercise intervention due to fear of exacerbating cancer-related symptoms (n=2), transportation issues (n=2), and unknown reasons (n=1). Ten patients (71.4%) completed the 12-week exercise program. Mean attendance rate of the supervised exercise sessions was 64.9% (range, 16.7-95.8%). No adverse events or skeletal complications occurred during the supervised exercise sessions. Among participants, there were no significant changes in muscle area at the third lumbar level (mean change =-0.7 cm2, P=0.869) or appendicular skeletal muscle mass (mean change =0.1 kg, P=0.661). The overall QoL assessed using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General significantly improved post-exercise interventions (P=0.037). There were significant improvements in the QoL subdomains of emotional well-being and physical, social, and cognitive functions.
Conclusions: Exercise interventions are feasible and safe in patients with metastatic cancer. Exercise interventions can improve QoL and prevent skeletal muscle loss during palliative chemotherapy.
Keywords: Exercise; chemotherapy; muscle; neoplasm metastasis; quality of life (QoL).