Tidal marsh restoration enhances sediment accretion and carbon accumulation in the Stillaguamish River estuary, Washington

PLoS One. 2021 Sep 10;16(9):e0257244. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257244. eCollection 2021.

Abstract

Tidal marshes have been recognized globally for their ability to sequester "blue carbon" but there is still a need for studies investigating the marsh response to restoration, particularly in the Pacific Northwest United States. Here we report carbon stocks and accumulation rates for restored and natural tidal marshes in the Stillaguamish River estuary in Puget Sound, Washington, where a 60-hectare marsh was reintroduced to the tidal regime from its previous use as diked and drained farmland. We found that the restoration not only maximized carbon accumulation but also enhanced resilience to rising sea levels. Four years after restoration, mean sediment carbon stocks in the upper 30 cm within the restored marsh (4.43 kg C m-2) were slightly lower than those measured in the adjacent natural marshes (5.95 kg C m-2). Mean carbon accumulation rates, however, were nearly twice as high in the restored marsh (230.49 g C m-2 yr-1) compared to the natural marshes (123.00 g C m-2 yr-1) due to high rates of accretion in the restored marsh (1.57 cm yr-1). Mean elevation change rates were nearly twice that of corresponding 210Pb accretion rates, but all were greater than the current rate of sea level rise.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Biomass
  • Carbon / metabolism*
  • Estuaries*
  • Geologic Sediments / chemistry
  • Plants / metabolism

Substances

  • Carbon

Grants and funding

This study was funded by Washington Sea Grant, University of Washington, pursuant to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Award No. NA14OAR4170078, awarded to JMR and KLP. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any of its sub-agencies. The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.