The Molecular Mechanism of Hemocyte Immune Response in Marsupenaeus japonicus Infected With Decapod Iridescent Virus 1

Zihao He; Jichen Zhao; Xieyan Chen; Minze Liao; Yuan Xue; Jianing Zhou; Haozhen Chen; Guoliang Chen; Shuang Zhang; Chengbo Sun

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.710845

The Molecular Mechanism of Hemocyte Immune Response in Marsupenaeus japonicus Infected With Decapod Iridescent Virus 1

Front Microbiol. 2021 Aug 26:12:710845. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.710845. eCollection 2021.

Authors

Zihao He¹, Jichen Zhao¹, Xieyan Chen¹, Minze Liao¹, Yuan Xue¹, Jianing Zhou¹, Haozhen Chen¹, Guoliang Chen², Shuang Zhang^{1

3}, Chengbo Sun^{1

4

5}

Affiliations

¹ College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China.
² Haimao Seed Technology Group Co., Ltd., Zhanjiang, China.
³ Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China.
⁴ Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Southern Marine Science and Engineering, Zhanjiang, China.
⁵ Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, China.

Abstract

As a new type of shrimp lethal virus, decapod iridescent virus 1 (DIV1) has caused huge economic losses to shrimp farmers in China. Up to now, DIV1 has been detected in a variety of shrimps, but there is no report in Marsupenaeus japonicus. In the current study, we calculated the LC₅₀ to evaluate the toxicity of DIV1 to M. japonicus and determined through nested PCR that M. japonicus can be the host of DIV1. Through enzyme activity study, it was found that DIV1 can inhibit the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, lysozyme, and phenoloxidase, which could be a way for DIV1 to achieve immune evasion. In a comprehensive study on the transcriptomic changes of M. japonicus in response to DIV1 infection, a total of 52,287 unigenes were de novo assembled, and 20,342 SSR markers associated with these unigenes were obtained. Through a comparative transcriptomic analysis, 6,900 differentially expressed genes were identified, including 3,882 upregulated genes and 3,018 downregulated genes. The Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed that some GO terms related to virus invasion, replication, and host antiviral infection were promoted under DIV1 infection, such as carbohydrate binding, chitin binding, chitin metabolic process, and DNA replication initiation, and some KEGG pathways related to immune response were significantly influenced by DIV1 infection, including Toll and IMD signaling pathway, JAK-STAT signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway, complement and coagulation cascades, antigen processing and presentation, necroptosis, apoptosis, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, apoptosis-multiple species, and TNF signaling pathway. Further analysis showed that STAT, Dorsal, Relish, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), C-type lectins, and caspase play an important role in DIV1 infection. This is the first detailed study of DIV1 infection in M. japonicus, which initially reveals the molecular mechanism of DIV1 infection in M. japonicus by using the transcriptome analysis of hemocytes combined with enzyme activity study.

Keywords: Marsupenaeus japonicus; decapod iridescent virus 1; enzyme activity; immunity response; transcriptomic analysis.