Knockout of Nephron ATP6AP2 Impairs Proximal Tubule Function and Prevents High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in Male Mice

Abstract

ATP6AP2 expression is increased in the nephron during high-fat diet (HFD) and its knockout (ATP6AP2 KO) reduces body weight (WT) in mice. We evaluated the contribution of ATP6AP2 to urinary glucose (UG) and albumin (Ualb) handling during HFD. We hypothesized that nephron ATP6AP2 KO increases UG and Ualb and minimizes HFD-induced obesity. Eight-week-old male C57BL/6J mice with inducible nephron-specific ATP6AP2 KO and noninduced controls were fed either normal diet (ND, 12% kcal fat) or HFD (45% kcal fat) for 6 months. ATP6AP2 KO mice on ND had 20% (P < 0.01) lower WT compared with controls. HFD-fed mice had 41% (P < 0.05) greater WT than ND-fed control mice. In contrast, ATP6AP2 KO abrogated the increase in WT induced by HFD by 40% (P < 0.05). Mice on HFD had less caloric intake compared with ND controls (P < 0.01). There were no significant differences in metabolic rate between all groups. UG and Ualb was significantly increased in ATP6AP2 KO mice on both ND and HFD. ATP6AP2 KO showed greater levels of proximal tubule apoptosis and histologic evidence of proximal tubule injury. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that nephron-specific ATP6AP2 KO is associated with glucosuria and albuminuria, most likely secondary to renal proximal tubule injury and/or dysfunction. Urinary loss of nutrients may have contributed to the reduced WT of knockout mice on ND and lack of WT gain in response to HFD. Future investigation should elucidate the mechanisms by which loss of renal ATP6AP2 causes proximal tubule injury and dysfunction.

Keywords: (pro)renin receptor; ATP6AP2; kidney; obesity; proximal tubule.