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. 2021 Nov 2;17(11):4121-4125.
doi: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1969855. Epub 2021 Sep 20.

Early insight into antibody-dependent enhancement after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination

Amal Hasan  1 , Mohammad R Al-Mulla  2 , Jehad Abubaker  3 , Fahd Al-Mulla  4
Affiliations

Early insight into antibody-dependent enhancement after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination

Amal Hasan et al. Hum Vaccin Immunother. .

Abstract

Current vaccines, which induce a B-cell-mediated antibody response against the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, have markedly reduced infection rates. However, the emergence of new variants as a result of SARS-CoV-2 evolution requires the development of novel vaccines that are T-cell-based and that target mutant-specific spike proteins along with ORF1ab or nucleocapsid protein. This approach is more accommodative in inducing highly neutralizing antibodies, without the risk of antibody-dependent enhancement, as well as memory CD8+T-cell immunity.

Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; antibodies; antibody-dependent enhancement; neutralization; spike protein; vaccine.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Infection and death rates by vaccination status among Delta confirmed cases in England, 1 February 2021 to 21 June 2021. (a) This figure shows the infection rate in each of the specified groups compared to total Delta cases. The groups include unvaccinated cases, cases with <21 days post dose 1, cases with ≥21 days post dose 1, and cases that received 2 vaccine doses. (b) This figure shows the death rate in four groups of Delta cases, these include unvaccinated cases, cases with <21 days post dose 1, cases with ≥21 days post dose 1, and cases that received 2 vaccine doses. This figure was produced using NHS data published by Public Health England.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
The design of mRNA vaccines that elicit all arms of the immune response, including highly neutralizing antibodies and memory CD8+T-cells.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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Grants and funding

This work was supported by the Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Sciences (KFAS) under Grant CORONA PROP 10.