Dexamethasone or methylprednisolone therapy in covid-19 pneumonia: A retrospective and comparative study of 513 cases

Sanae El Mezzeoui; Ghizlane El Aidouni; Manal Merbouh; Abderrahim El Kaouini; Fatima Zahra Aftiss; Samia Berrichi; Sara Berrajaa; Houssam Bkiyer; Naima Abda; Brahim Housni

doi:10.1016/j.amsu.2021.102858

Dexamethasone or methylprednisolone therapy in covid-19 pneumonia: A retrospective and comparative study of 513 cases

Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2021 Oct:70:102858. doi: 10.1016/j.amsu.2021.102858. Epub 2021 Sep 14.

Authors

Sanae El Mezzeoui^{1

2}, Ghizlane El Aidouni^{1

2}, Manal Merbouh^{1

2}, Abderrahim El Kaouini^{1

2}, Fatima Zahra Aftiss^{1

2}, Samia Berrichi^{1

2}, Sara Berrajaa^{1

2}, Houssam Bkiyer^{1

2}, Naima Abda^{2

3}, Brahim Housni^{1

2

4}

Affiliations

¹ Intensive Care Unit, Mohammed VI University Hospital Center, Oujda, Morocco.
² Mohammed First University Oujda, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Oujda, Morocco.
³ Mohammed First University Oujda, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy Oujda, LERCSP, Oujda, Morocco.
⁴ Mohammed First University Oujda, FMP Oujda, LAMCESM, 60000, Oujda, Morocco.

Abstract

Backgrounds: Corona virus disease 19 (Covid-19) affects especially the respiratory tract, and induces lung injury which may progress to the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Various treatment options were tried all over the world, corticosteroids had showed beneficial effects.The Objective of this study, is to compare the safety and efficiency of two corticosteroids: dexamethasone and prednisolone in the treatment of Covid-19 infection.

Methods: This retrospective and comparative study included 513 patients diagnosed with Covid-19 infection and were admitted to intensive care unit of our university hospital center of MOHAMMED VI Oujda from March 1, 2020, to December 31st^, 2020.

Results: In this study, 513 cases were included, 230 patients were received methylprednisolone, and 283 were treated with dexamethasone. The median age in methylprednisolone group was 64 years, and 63 years in the second group treated with dexamethasone. Patients treated with dexamethasone had more critically lesions compared to patients treated with methylprednisolone (67.6%), these patients had a good evolution with a significant reduction of oxygen supplementation, lower use of invasive ventilation and a significant improvement in biological parameters. The difference in outcome between the two groups in terms of mortality was significantly reduced in the second group.

Conclusion: Both steroids are efficient in the management of mild, moderate and severe Covid-19 pneumonia with a clear superiority of dexamethasone especially in severe forms.

Keywords: COVID-19; Dexamethasone; Efficacy; Methylprednisolone; Safety.