Lead halide perovskites always emerge complex interactions among different elemental ions, which lead to multiple intrinsic imperfections. Elemental defects, such as amine, Pb, and I vacancies at A-, B-, and X-sites, are main issues to deteriorate perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Unfortunately, most previous passivators can only temporarily fix partial inactive vacancies as sacrificial agents. Herein, we propose a recovery agent, ferrocene (Fc), which can form a one-dimensional perovskite with adequate steric cavities and suitable dissociation energy to recover all elemental defects back to active light-harvesting perovskites, and regenerate Fc itself meanwhile. Based on this perpetual chain-reaction cycle, corresponding PSCs maintain >10 000-hour lifetime in inert condition and >1000-hour durabilities under various extreme environments, including continuous 85 °C heating, 50 % relative humidity wetting, and 1-sun light soaking.
Keywords: chain-reaction cycle; defects; ferrocene; perovskites; solar cells.
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