The role of extracellular vesicles in traumatic brain injury-induced acute lung injury

Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2021 Nov 1;321(5):L885-L891. doi: 10.1152/ajplung.00023.2021. Epub 2021 Sep 22.

Abstract

Acute lung injury (ALI), a common complication after traumatic brain injury (TBI), can evolve into acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and has a mortality rate of 30%-40%. Secondary ALI after TBI exhibits the following typical pathological features: infiltration of neutrophils into the alveolar and interstitial space, alveolar septal thickening, alveolar edema, and hemorrhage. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) were recently identified as key mediators in TBI-induced ALI. Due to their small size and lipid bilayer, they can pass through the disrupted blood-brain barrier (BBB) into the peripheral circulation and deliver their contents, such as genetic material and proteins, to target cells through processes such as fusion, receptor-mediated interactions, and uptake. Acting as messengers, EVs contribute to mediating brain-lung cross talk after TBI. In this review, we aim to summarize the mechanism of EVs in TBI-induced ALI, which may provide new ideas for clinical treatment.

Keywords: acute lung injury; coagulation; extracellular vesicle; inflammation; traumatic brain injury.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Acute Lung Injury / complications
  • Acute Lung Injury / diagnosis
  • Acute Lung Injury / pathology*
  • Animals
  • Brain Injuries, Traumatic / complications*
  • Brain Injuries, Traumatic / pathology
  • Extracellular Vesicles / pathology*
  • Humans
  • Lung / pathology
  • Neutrophils / pathology*
  • Respiratory Distress Syndrome / diagnosis
  • Respiratory Distress Syndrome / pathology*