Altered Gray Matter Volume, Functional Connectivity, and Degree Centrality in Early-Onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Yue Feng; Yifan Li; Xin Tan; Yi Liang; Xiaomeng Ma; Yuna Chen; Wenjiao Lv; Jinjian Wu; Shangyu Kang; Mingrui Li; Shijun Qiu

doi:10.3389/fneur.2021.697349

Altered Gray Matter Volume, Functional Connectivity, and Degree Centrality in Early-Onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Front Neurol. 2021 Sep 9:12:697349. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2021.697349. eCollection 2021.

Authors

Yue Feng^{1

2}, Yifan Li^{1

2}, Xin Tan², Yi Liang², Xiaomeng Ma^{1

2}, Yuna Chen^{1

2}, Wenjiao Lv^{1

2}, Jinjian Wu^{1

2}, Shangyu Kang^{1

2}, Mingrui Li^{1

2}, Shijun Qiu^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
² Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.

Abstract

Background: Structural and functional brain alterations that underlie cognitive decline have been observed in elderly adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); however, whether these alterations can be observed in patients with early-onset T2DM remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to describe the abnormalities in brain volume and functional patterns in patients with early-onset T2DM in the present study. Methods: We enrolled 20 patients with early-onset T2DM and 20 healthy controls (HCs). Changes in brain volume were assessed using voxel-based morphology (VBM), while changes in brain function were assessed using degree centrality (DC) and functional connectivity (FC). Results: Compared to HCs, patients with early-onset T2DM exhibited gray matter reductions in the left orbital superior, middle, and inferior frontal gyri as well as the right superior frontal gyrus. The gray matter reductions in the right superior frontal gyrus were negatively associated with the urine albumin to creatinine ratio. Furthermore, increased DC values were observed in the left superior temporal gyrus, left Heschl gyrus, and left hippocampus in patients with early-onset T2DM. An FC analysis of these regions revealed elevated connectivity in the right precuneus, left inferior parietal gyrus, left Heschl gyrus, bilateral post-central gyrus, bilateral insula, bilateral superior temporal gyrus, and bilateral medial and paracingulate gyrus. Furthermore, the FC of the hubs to the superior temporal gyrus, insula, and Heschl gyrus was increased and positively correlated with trail making test-B. Conclusion: Decreased local gray matter volume and increased DC and FC may represent the neurobiological mechanism underlying cognitive dysfunction in patients with early-onset T2DM.

Keywords: VBM; cognitive performance; degree centrality; early-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus; resting-state fMRI.