Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D is negatively associated with severe periodontitis: a cross-sectional study

Fangjing Zhou; Ning Ma; Ruiting Su; Xiaoyu He; Xiaona Wang; Yang Zhou; Jing Shi

doi:10.1186/s12903-021-01850-3

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D is negatively associated with severe periodontitis: a cross-sectional study

BMC Oral Health. 2021 Sep 27;21(1):479. doi: 10.1186/s12903-021-01850-3.

Authors

Fangjing Zhou^{1

2}, Ning Ma¹, Ruiting Su¹, Xiaoyu He¹, Xiaona Wang², Yang Zhou³, Jing Shi⁴

Affiliations

¹ Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030012, Shanxi Province, China.
² Department of Oral Medicine, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, 22 Shuangtasi Street, Taiyuan, 030012, Shanxi Province, China.
³ Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 139 Renmin road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, China.
⁴ Department of Oral Medicine, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, 22 Shuangtasi Street, Taiyuan, 030012, Shanxi Province, China. crystalshi@163.com.

Abstract

Background: Periodontitis can lead to the destruction of periodontium and adversely influence the overall health, wellbeing, and quality of life. However, studies on the relationship between severe periodontitis and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] are limited. This study is designed to explore the relationship between 25(OH)D and severe periodontitis.

Methods: A cross-section study of 2928 participants enrolled from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2013 to 2014 was conducted. The periodontal examination was performed using a total oral periodontal examination program, and probe measurements were collected at six sites per tooth in NHANES. Severe periodontitis was characterized as: ≥ 2 interproximal sites with attachment loss (AL) ≥ 6 mm (not on the same tooth) and ≥ 1 interproximal site with probing depth (PD) ≥ 5 mm. Severe periodontitis and serum 25(OH)D were the dependent and independent variables, respectively. Univariate, multivariate, and subgroup analyses were performed to explore the relationship between severe periodontitis and serum 25(OH)D.

Results: Among the 2928 participants, the average age of the population was 50 ± 13.71 years old, with 1425 (48.67%) males, 316 (10.79%) exhibited severe periodontitis. Serum 25(OH)D showed a significantly negative association with severe periodontitis after adjusting all variables (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.63-0.89). In addition, severe periodontitis has a nonlinear relationship with serum 25(OH)D, whoes inflection point was 102 (nmol/L). On the left side of the inflection point (25(OH)D ≤ 102 nmol/L), the effect size was 0.98 and 95%CI was 0.98-0.99 (25(OH)D per 1 nmol/L increments). On the right side of the inflection point (25(OH)D > 102 nmol/L), the effect size was 0.99 and 95% CI was 0.98-1.01. The subgroup analysis showed pronounced changes in non-Hispanic white, alcohol consumption, diabetes, and health insurance.

Conclusion: Serum 25 (OH) D in relation to severe periodontitis is nonlinear in our study.When serum 25 (OH) D is less than 102 nmol/L, serum 25 (OH) D is negatively associated with severe periodontitis.

Keywords: 25-hydroxyvitamin D; NHANES; Periodontal disease; Periodontitis; Vitamin D.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Adult
Cross-Sectional Studies
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Nutrition Surveys
Periodontitis* / complications
Periodontitis* / epidemiology
Quality of Life*
Vitamin D / analogs & derivatives

Substances

Vitamin D
25-hydroxyvitamin D