A new species of Proceratophrys Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920 (Anura, Odontophrynidae) from Southern Amazonia, Brazil

Diego J Santana; Leandro Alves da Silva; Anathielle Caroline Sant'Anna; Donald B Shepard; Sarah Mângia

doi:10.7717/peerj.12012

A new species of Proceratophrys Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920 (Anura, Odontophrynidae) from Southern Amazonia, Brazil

PeerJ. 2021 Sep 10:9:e12012. doi: 10.7717/peerj.12012. eCollection 2021.

Authors

Diego J Santana¹, Leandro Alves da Silva², Anathielle Caroline Sant'Anna¹, Donald B Shepard³, Sarah Mângia¹

Affiliations

¹ Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
² Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
³ School of Biological Sciences, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA, United States.

Abstract

Based on concordant differences in morphology, male advertisement call, and 16S mtDNA barcode distance, we describe a new species of Proceratophrys from southern Amazonia, in the states of Mato Grosso and Pará, Brazil. The new species is most similar to P. concavitympanum and P. ararype but differs from these species by its proportionally larger eyes and features of the advertisement call. Additionally, genetic distance between the new species and its congeners is 3.0-10.4% based on a fragment of the 16S rRNA gene, which is greater than the threshold typically characterizing distinct species of anurans. Using an integrative approach (molecular, bioacoustics, and adult morphology), we were able to distinguish the new species from other congeneric species. The new species is known only from the type locality where it is threatened by illegal logging and gold mining as well as hydroelectric dams.

Keywords: DNA barcoding; Horned-frogs; Proceratophrys korekore sp. nov.; Systematics.

Grants and funding

Sarah Mângia received a post-doctoral fellowship Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil (CAPES). LAS and ACS were supported by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil (CAPES)—Funding code 001. Diego José Santana’s research fellowship (309420/2020-2) was supported by CNPq. We received support from the Institutional Program of Internationalization sponsored by Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (Finance Code 001; Capes-PrInt 41/2017—Process 88881.311897/2018-01). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.