White paper on peanut allergy - part 1: Epidemiology, burden of disease, health economic aspects

Lars Lange; Ludger Klimek; Kirsten Beyer; Katharina Blümchen; Natalija Novak; Eckard Hamelmann; Andrea Bauer; Hans Merk; Uta Rabe; Kirsten Jung; Wolfgang Schlenter; Johannes Ring; Adam Chaker; Wolfgang Wehrmann; Sven Becker; Norbert Mülleneisen; Katja Nemat; Wolfgang Czech; Holger Wrede; Randolf Brehler; Thomas Fuchs; Thilo Jakob; Tobias Ankermann; Sebastian M Schmidt; Michael Gerstlauer; Torsten Zuberbier; Thomas Spindler; Christian Vogelberg

doi:10.1007/s40629-021-00189-z

White paper on peanut allergy - part 1: Epidemiology, burden of disease, health economic aspects

Allergo J Int. 2021;30(8):261-269. doi: 10.1007/s40629-021-00189-z. Epub 2021 Sep 28.

Authors

Lars Lange¹, Ludger Klimek², Kirsten Beyer³, Katharina Blümchen⁴, Natalija Novak⁵, Eckard Hamelmann⁶, Andrea Bauer⁷, Hans Merk⁸, Uta Rabe⁹, Kirsten Jung¹⁰, Wolfgang Schlenter¹¹, Johannes Ring¹², Adam Chaker^{13

14}, Wolfgang Wehrmann¹⁵, Sven Becker¹⁶, Norbert Mülleneisen¹⁷, Katja Nemat¹⁸, Wolfgang Czech¹⁹, Holger Wrede²⁰, Randolf Brehler²¹, Thomas Fuchs²², Thilo Jakob²³, Tobias Ankermann²⁴, Sebastian M Schmidt²⁵, Michael Gerstlauer²⁶, Torsten Zuberbier²⁷, Thomas Spindler²⁸, Christian Vogelberg^{29

30}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Pediatrics, St. Marien-Hospital, GFO Clinics Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
² Center for Rhinology and Allergology Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany.
³ Department of Pediatrics m.S. Pneumology, Immunology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
⁴ Center of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Focus on Allergology, Pneumology and Cystic Fibrosis, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt a. M., Germany.
⁵ Clinic and Polyclinic for Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
⁶ Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Bethel Children's Center, OWL University Hospital of Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.
⁷ Clinic and Polyclinic for Dermatology, University AllergyCenter, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany.
⁸ Department of Dermatology & Allergology, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
⁹ Clinic for Allergology, Johanniter-Krankenhaus im Fläming Treuenbrietzen GmbH, Treuenbrietzen, Germany.
¹⁰ Practice for Dermatology, Immunology and Allergology, Erfurt, Germany.
¹¹ Medical Association of German Allergists, Dreieich, Germany.
¹² Skin and Laser Center at the Opera, Munich, Germany.
¹³ Department of Otolaryngology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
¹⁴ Center for Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
¹⁵ Wehrmann Dermatological Group Practice, Münster, Germany.
¹⁶ Department of Otolaryngology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
¹⁷ Asthma and Allergy Center Leverkusen, Leverkusen, Germany.
¹⁸ Pediatric Pneumology/Allergology Practice, Kinderzentrum Dresden (Kid), Dresden, Germany.
¹⁹ Practice and clinic for allergology/dermatology, Schwarzwald-Baar Klinikum, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany.
²⁰ Practice and clinic for allergology/ear, nose and throat specialist, Herford, Germany.
²¹ Clinic for Skin Diseases, Outpatient Clinic for Allergology, Occupational Dermatology and Environmental Medicine, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany.
²² Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany.
²³ rd Clinic for Dermatology and Allergology University Hospital Giessen, UKGM Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
²⁴ th Clinic for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Pneumology, Allergology, Neonatology, Intensive Care Medicine, Infectiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.
²⁵ th Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Clinic and Polyclinic for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Greifswald University Medical Center, Greifswald, Germany.
²⁶ pediatric pneumologist/pediatric allergologist, II. clinic for children and adolescents, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.
²⁷ Clinic for Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
²⁸ Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology, Sports Medicine, Hochgebirgsklinik Davos, Davos-Wolfgang, Switzerland.
²⁹ TU Dresden/UKDD, Pediatric Department, University Hospital Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
³⁰ Department of Pediatric Pneumology/Allergology, Clinic and Polyclinic for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscher Street 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.

Abstract

Peanuts are Leguminosae, commonly known as the legume or pea family, and peanut allergy is among the most common food allergies and the most common cause of fatal food reactions and anaphylaxis. The prevalence of peanut allergy increased 3.5-fold over the past two decades reaching 1.4-2% in Europe and the United States. The reasons for this increase in prevalence are likely multifaceted. Sensitization via the skin appears to be associated with the development of peanut allergy and atopic eczema in infancy is associated with a high risk of developing peanut allergy. Until recently, the only possible management strategy for peanut allergy was strict allergen avoidance and emergency treatment including adrenaline auto-injector in cases of accidental exposure and reaction. This paper discusses the various factors that impact the risks of peanut allergy and the burden of self-management on peanut-allergic children and their caregivers.

Keywords: Anaphylaxis; COVID-19; Children; Food allergy; Oral immunotherapy.