Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2021 Dec 1;34(6):774-780.
doi: 10.1097/ACO.0000000000001072.

A narrative review and future considerations of spinal cord stimulation, dorsal root ganglion stimulation and peripheral nerve stimulation

Mark N Malinowski  1 , Pooja R Chopra  2 , Vinicius Tieppo Francio  3 , Ryan Budwany  4 , Timothy Ray Deer  5   6   7
Affiliations
Review

A narrative review and future considerations of spinal cord stimulation, dorsal root ganglion stimulation and peripheral nerve stimulation

Mark N Malinowski et al. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. .

Abstract

Purpose of review: In recent years, neuromodulation has experienced a renaissance. Novel waveforms and anatomic targets show potential improvements in therapy that may signify substantial benefits. New innovations in peripheral nerve stimulation and dorsal root ganglion stimulation have shown prospective evidence and sustainability of results. Sub-perception physiologic bursting, high-frequency stimulation and feedback loop mechanisms provide significant benefits over traditional tonic spinal cords stimulation (SCS) in peer reviewed investigations. We reviewed the themes associated with novel technology in the context of historical stalwart publications.

Recent findings: New innovations have led to better nerve targeting, improvements in disease-based treatment, and opioid alternatives for those in chronic pain. In addition, new neural targets from both structural and cellular perspectives have changed the field of Neurostimulation.

Summary: For many years, tonic SCS was representative of neuromodulation, but as this review examines, the progression of the field in the past decade has reshaped patient options.

PubMed Disclaimer

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Christelis N, Simpson B, Russo M, et al. Persistent spinal pain syndrome: a proposal for failed back surgery syndrome and ICD-11. Pain Med 2021; 22:108–181.
    1. Isagulyan E, Slavin K, Konovalov N, et al. Spinal cord stimulation in chronic pain technical advances. Korean J Pain 2020; 33:99–107.
    1. Karri J, Joshi M, Polson G, et al. Spinal cord stimulation for chronic pain syndromes: a review of considerations in practice management. Pain Physician 2020; 23:599–616.
    1. Benyamin R, Grider JS, Vallejo R. Kaye AD, David SF, et al. Spinal cord stimulation: principles and applications. Springer, Principles of neurophysiological assessment, mapping and monitoring. New York: 2014.
    1. Atkinson L, Sundaraj SR, Brooker C, et al. Recommendations for patient selection in spinal cord stimulation. J Clin Neurosci 2011; 18:1295–1302.